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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
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Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
Vet Rec 1977 Jan 15
PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
Vet Rec 1992 Sep 19
PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

Five cases of gonitis in young cows are reported. In all cases lameness was severe with no weight bearing on the affected limbs. The joints were swollen. No organisms were isolated from the fluids aspirated from the joints but cytological examination showed large numbers of neutrophils, and biochemical analysis showed increases in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase.
Vet Rec 1989 Mar 11
PMID:Idiopathic septic gonitis in five Holstein-Friesian heifers. 271 80

Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the middle gluteal muscle of seven horses undergoing a nine-month endurance training programme. Samples were collected before the programme began and again after three, six and nine months of training. A fifth sample was collected three months after training ceased. Serial muscle sections were reacted histochemically for myosin adenosine triphosphatase after either acid (pH 4.3 and 4.6) or alkaline (pH 10.3) pre-incubation, and muscle fibres identified as type I, IIA, IIB or IIC. The oxidative capacity of individual fibres was assessed, using the reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase stain, and the number of intermyofibrillar capillaries adjacent to each fibre was counted after staining, using the alpha-amylase periodic acid Schiff technique. Biochemical analyses involved the fluorometric measurement of the enzymes citrate synthase, 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase as markers of end terminal oxidative, beta oxidative and glycolytic potential, respectively. There was an increase in the percentage of type IIB fibres having high nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase staining after three months training. This increase persisted throughout the period of training and during the period without training. There was an increase in the number of capillaries adjacent to type IIB fibres after six and nine months training. These had returned to near pre-training numbers after three months without training. There were increases in the activities of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase after three months training. The activities of both enzymes continued to rise throughout training and the highest activities were attained after nine months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1987 Sep 19
PMID:Effects of a nine-month endurance training programme on muscle composition in the horse. 367 37

Eleven ewes with pregnancy toxaemia were monitored clinically and biochemically after daily treatment with trenbolone acetate (30 mg) and propylene glycol (twice daily 100 ml), for at least one week. The clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia at first examination were less severe than those described in ewes in other countries. After the first treatment, the appetite improved in nine ewes, blood glucose levels increased in 10 ewes and blood ketone body concentrations decreased in nine animals. A statistically significant decrease in mean ketone body levels was found between the day of first examination and the second day thereafter. Four animals recovered before lambing (group 1). One animal lambed one day after the first treatment and recovered. In the remaining ewes clinical and biochemical improvement did not last long. Three of these animals did not recover until after lambing (group 2) and three animals died (group 3). In three animals of group 2 and two animals of group 3 an increase of serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase was found. In two necropsied animals of group 3 a severe fatty degeneration of the liver was found. Treatment of pregnancy toxaemia with trenbolone acetate and propylene glycol appeared to have some positive effect in mild cases. In more advanced cases the time of parturition is the crucial factor leading to recovery.
Vet Rec 1985 Mar 16
PMID:Effects of trenbolone acetate and propylene glycol on pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. 399 31

Ten horses underwent a standardised strenuous treadmill exercise test, before, during and after which measurements were made of plasma beta-endorphin and cortisol concentrations, blood lactate, glucose, haemoglobin and pH, the activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase, and heart rate, oxygen uptake and expired minute volume. The correlations between the exercise-induced response of beta-endorphin and the changes observed in the other physiological measurements were examined. There was a large variation in the beta-endorphin response of the horses to exercise. The increase in beta-endorphin was correlated significantly and inversely with the treadmill velocity at which maximal oxygen uptake was reached. It was also significantly and directly correlated with the heart rate during recovery, the increase in plasma lactate concentration and the change in blood pH, indicating that the exercise-induced increase in beta-endorphin concentration was smaller in horses with a higher aerobic capacity.
Vet Rec 1994 Nov 19
PMID:Plasma beta-endorphin response of thoroughbred horses to maximal exercise. 787 89

Pigs from four farms were slaughtered at two abattoirs, each with two slaughter handling systems. Pigs at abattoir X were electrically stunned, either in a floor pen holding five pigs or in a race-restrainer. At abattoir Y pigs were stunned either in a floor pen holding five pigs or in a dip-lift carbon dioxide stunner. At exsanguination, 96 blood samples (24/farm) were collected from pigs slaughtered through each slaughter handling system (384 samples in total). Serum samples were analysed for cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH-isoenzymes. There were no significant differences between the systems at abattoir X. At abattoir Y, pigs slaughtered through the floor pen system had higher levels of LDH-5 (39.84 +/- 1.39 per cent of total LDH vs 34.76 +/- 1.21 per cent, P < 0.05) indicating greater skeletal muscle damage in the floor pen. Pigs at abattoir Y had higher mean serum levels of CPK than pigs at abattoir X (3.63 log10 U/litre vs 3.41 log10 U/litre, 0.03 sed, P < 0.001), higher total LDH activities (1269.5 U/litre vs 922.8 U/litre, P < 0.001) and higher cortisol concentrations (1.70 log10 ng/ml vs 1.51 log10 ng/ml, P < 0.001). These differences suggested that the levels of physical and psychological stress were higher at abattoir Y.
Vet Rec 1993 Jul 03
PMID:Effects of abattoir and slaughter handling systems on stress indicators in pig blood. 836 83

The pharmacodynamics of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flunixin, tolfenamic acid and ketoprofen were studied in calves after intravenous administration. An acute inflammatory reaction was induced in tissue cages by the intracaveal injection of the mild irritant carrageenan, and the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and enzymes was investigated. The substances measured in the exudate included the enzymes (active and total metalloproteases, serine and cysteine proteases, acid phosphatase [AP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and beta-glucuronidase) and the eicosanoids (prostaglandin [PG]E2 and leukotriene [LT]B4). Studies were also made of inhibition of the synthesis of serum thromboxane (Tx)B2 ex vivo, of bradykinin-induced oedema in vivo and of the generation of superoxide anions (O2-) in vitro. None of the drugs affected the concentration of LTB4, or the activities of metalloproteases, cysteine and serine proteases, AP or LDH in the exudate. All the drugs inhibited the synthesis of serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 and inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase. They also decreased the oedematous response to intradermally injected bradykinin and inhibited the generation of O2- ions by neutrophils in vitro. These actions may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of the drugs and hence to their clinical efficacy.
Vet Rec 1995 Oct 21
PMID:Comparative pharmacodynamics of flunixin, ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid in calves. 856 Jul 1

Biopsies of the gluteus medius muscle were taken at three different depths from 36 endurance horses aged 8.42 +/- 2.85 years and of both sexes. Twenty of the horses were considered to be excellent performers on the basis of the mean speed of their three fastest records in endurance events over the previous two or three years, whereas 16 were moderate performers. The biopsy samples were analysed for the activities of the enzymes citrate synthase (an indicator of citric acid cycle activity), 3-OH-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (an indicator of lipid oxidation) and lactate dehydrogenase (an indicator of anaerobic metabolism). The 20 excellent performers had higher activities of citrate synthase (P < 0.001) and 3-OH-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (P < 0.02) than the 16 moderate performers. The activities of citrate synthase and 3-OH-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase increased by 65 per cent and 75 per cent, respectively, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase decreased by 23 per cent in the samples taken at successively greater depths. There was a strong linear relationship between the ratios of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase/citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase/3-OH-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and the depth from which the samples were taken for both performance groups (P < 0.001). The intercepts of the regression lines were higher in the moderate than in the excellent performers (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 for the two ratios), showing that the endurance horses with the better performance record had a greater aerobic capacity and a relatively lower anaerobic capacity in the gluteus medius muscle than the horses with a poorer record.
Vet Rec 1995 Aug 19
PMID:Activities of selected aerobic and anaerobic enzymes in the gluteus medius muscle of endurance horses with different performance records. 856 Jul 24

Escherichia coli K-12 cell suspensions in buffer were exposed to ozone at a concentration of 600 ppm. Measurements were made of cell viability, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione disulfide reductase, nonprotein sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl compounds. Cell viability was not affected when E. coli K-12 was exposed to ozone for less than 10 minutes. The most sensitive parameter was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase followed by nonprotein sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl compounds. Effects on malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione disulfide reductase were negligible. Cell survival and induction of lipid oxidation were also determined using two strains of E. coli K-12 (rec A, deficient in DNA repair and wild-type). The extent of membrane lipid oxidation correlated with cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and the survival curves of both strains showed similar sensitivity to ozone. The data suggest that the sulfhydryl group in the membrane is the primary target of ozone attack. Rec A DNA repair system does not appear to play a role in ozone resistance.
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PMID:Effect of ozone on metabolic activities of Escherichia coli K-12. 902 Apr 3


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