Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have developed a co-culture system suited for the study of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the human fetal small intestine. As the epithelial component of this model, we used the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 that is unique in its property to differentiate in vitro into a mature fetal enterocyte-like cell type. A sheet of human intestinal mesenchymal cells, which we derived from an 18-week-old fetus, was used as mesenchymal element. Expression and distribution of cell-specific markers (cytokeratin 18 and dipeptidyl peptidase IV), major basement membrane components, and beta 1 integrins were analyzed. In 14-day co-cultures, Caco-2 cells formed a cytokeratin 18-positive epithelial-like sheet covering the vimentin-positive HIM cell layers. As assessed by brush border dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression, co-cultured Caco-2 cells achieved cytodifferentiation as when cultured on plastic. A complete deposition of all known major human fetal intestinal basement membrane components occurred at the Caco-2/HIM interface. Type IV collagen and tenascin were produced from the mesenchymal compartment, whereas laminin and fibronectin were contributed by both cell types. Interestingly, synthesis and deposition of basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan were exclusively observed in co-cultures, suggesting modulation of epithelial expression of this molecule by HIM cells. Finally, we observed that epithelial integrin-beta 1 chains redistributed at the basal domain of co-cultured Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Caco-2/HIM co-culture model is a valuable system to study in vitro human basement membrane formation in the context of intestinal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
Anat Rec 1993 Apr
PMID:Basement membrane formation and re-distribution of the beta 1 integrins in a human intestinal co-culture system. 846 88

Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are known to increase their nuclear number by fusion of mononuclear precursors. However, the pattern of fusion remains morphologically unclear. One lower right deciduous canine of an 8-year-old male was investigated. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAP) positive cells on the resorbing surface of the tooth were serially sectioned into 0.5 microm-thick semithin sections. The sections were photographed, and cells possessing a light microscopic brush border facing a resorptive lacuna were identified as odontoclasts. Fourteen odontoclasts appearing as a continuous figure of cellular membrane between cells on one section were three-dimensionally reconstructed using NIKON COSMOZONE 2SA. A criterion for fusion was established in this study, requiring that there must be two or more nucleated cells which contacted each other at one site only in the three-dimensional reconstruction. Among 14 reconstructed cells, 10 odontoclasts satisfied the criterion for fusion. The observations of the three-dimensional structures of these odontoclasts showed that mononuclear and multinucleated odontoclasts participated in fusion. Cell fusion occurred between resorbing odontoclasts and cells not forming lacunae, and between resorbing odontoclasts. A case of odontoclastic fusion among three cells was also observed. The results establish that fusion resulting in multinucleation occurred among various odontoclasts with different numbers of nuclei including mononuclear odontoclasts.
Anat Rec 1998 11
PMID:Increase in odontoclast nuclei number by cell fusion: a three-dimensional reconstruction of cell fusion of human odontoclasts. 981 Dec 24

The proximal straight tubular epithelium of the mouse kidney exhibited sexual dimorphism in conventional paraffin sections stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) in our preliminary observation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the sex-dependent structural features in the proximal straight tubular cells of the mouse kidney, and to clarify the effects of sex hormones on this portion of the renal tissue. The mice used in this study were divided into intact, orchiectomized, ovariectomized, testosterone-treated and estradiol-treated groups. The kidneys of these animals were examined by histological, cytological and cytochemical (for acid phosphatase reaction) procedures. In the proximal straight tubular epithelium of intact adult mice, PAS staining of the brush border in females was more intense than that in males. Furthermore, PAS-positive granules were observed in the cytoplasm of females only. Orchiectomy changed the male-specific features to that of the females, and treatment with testosterone induced the male-specific features. Ovariectomy and estradiol treatment showed no effects. Ultrastructurally, PAS-positive granules were observed as electron-dense myelinoid bodies, and these contained acid phosphatase-positive matrix. The present study demonstrated apparent sexual dimorphism and effects of testosterone on PAS staining and PAS-positive granules in the proximal straight tubule cells in normal mice. In addition, the association of PAS-positive granules and lysosomes was suggested by cytological and cytochemical examination.
Anat Rec 1999 07 01
PMID:Sexual dimorphism of proximal straight tubular cells in mouse kidney. 1041 98

The blood group antigens H, A, B, and Le(b) are oncofetal antigens of the human distal colon. Although these antigens are present in the digestive mucosa of the rat, little is known about their ontogenic expression in the developing rat colon. The present study was undertaken to assess age-dependent and region-related changes of blood group antigens during colonic development and maturation with the aim of determining their fetal phenotype. Antigen expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using H-, A-, B-, Le(a)-, and Le(b)-specific monoclonal antibodies and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colon sections from fetal, suckling, weanling, and adult rats. Staining of antigen was analyzed with respect to its locations in colonic goblet cells, brush borders, and columnar cells. H, B, and Le(b) antigens were expressed by goblet cells of the distal colon, beginning at 20 days of gestation, but expression was lost from the colon during the first postnatal week, thus exhibiting a fetal phenotype. H and Le(b), but not B, were also expressed by goblet cells of the fetal proximal colon; however, unlike that of the distal colon, their expression increased progressively during postnatal development until adulthood. Fetal phenotypic expression was observed in the brush border of the proximal and distal colon for H antigen, whereas it was observed in that of the distal colon for B antigen. No fetal phenotypic expression of H, B, and Le(b) by columnar cells of the colon was observed. Antigen A was expressed by goblet cells, brush border, and columnar cells of the entire colon at all ages, in concert with the development and maturation of the colon. Therefore, its expression in the rat colon was not fetal in nature. Le(a) was not detected in the colon at any age, except for some sporadic staining in the Golgi zone of columnar cells of the postnatal proximal colon. In conclusion, these data indicate significant age- and region-related changes of blood group antigen expression in the rat colon. Because the fetal phenotypic expression of H, B, and Le(b) by goblet cells of the distal colon mimics that in the human distal colon, the adult rat colon is a potentially useful model for assessing the effects of cocarcinogenic dietary factors, including ethanol, that may induce reexpression of these so-called oncofetal tumor-associated antigens of the colon.
Anat Rec 2000 08 01
PMID:Blood group antigen expression in the rat colon I. age-dependent and region-related changes. 1090 31

The Dipnoi (lungfishes) have developed true lungs, having the ability to take oxygen from both the gills and the lungs. During the tropical dry season, many lungfish estivate on land, breathing only air. The estivation period is accompanied by profound functional modifications, including the suppression of urine. Thus, the lungfish kidney must be designed to cope with these dramatic cyclic changes in renal function. We study here the microanatomy and the structure of the kidney of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi, maintained under controlled freshwater conditions. Chemical microdissection, light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been used. The nephrons of P. dolloi are composed of a renal corpuscle (RC) and of a renal tubule that appears divided into five morphologically distinct segments: neck segment (NS), proximal tubule (PT), intermediate segment (IS), distal tubule (DT), and collecting tubule (CT). Paired CTs abut into a collecting duct, the latter emptying into an archinephric duct. The RCs lie in the mid-zone of the kidney, between the PTs and the convoluted DTs. The spatial distribution of these elements allows recognition of a kidney zonation. The RCs group into clusters (3-4 RCs per cluster) that are supplied by a single arteriole surrounded by pericytes. Each cluster appears to represent a functional unit with a common hemodynamic regulatory mechanism. The major processes of the podocytes form flattened networks that appear to constitute an integrated system due to the presence of gap junctions. The existence of mesangial cells with large cell processes, and of mesangial cells with a dendritic appearance, suggests a complex functional role (contractile and phagocytic) for the mesangium. The NS and the IS are the narrowest nephron segments, formed only by multiciliated cells. The PT and the DT can be subdivided, based on the tubular morphology and on cell composition, into portions I and II: PTI is formed only by brush border (BB) cells, while PTII contains BB and multiciliated cells. The DTI is formed by segment-specific cells, while the DTII contains segment-specific and a small number of flask cells. The CT contains principal and flask cells in a 5:1 ratio. The flask cells adopt two different configurations (with a narrow canaliculus or with a large cavity). The main goal of this study was to disclose specific kidney features that could be related to function, phylogeny, and habitat. In addition, the present results constitute the basis for a study of the morphologic changes that should occur in the kidney of P. dolloi during estivation.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2006 Jun
PMID:Microanatomy and ultrastructure of the kidney of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi. 1670 93

Here we present a detailed morphological description of the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) kidney and nephron. We present a series of histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical markers that clearly define the seven regions of the alligator nephron. The alligator kidney is composed of many paired (mirrored) lobules on each kidney (lobe). Single nephrons span the width of lobules three times. The fine structure of glomeruli, lying in rows spanning the height of the lobule, is resolved by periodic acid methionine silver (PAMS) and periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) histochemistry. Glomeruli are connected to the proximal tubule (PT) via a neck segment. The PT is alcian blue-negative, making it distinct from the distal tubule (DT), connecting segment (CS), and collecting duct (CD). The PT is clearly identifiable by a PAS-positive brush border membrane. The PT is connected to the DT via an intermediate segment (IS) that makes a 180 degrees turn to connect these tubules. PAMS-positive material is found in the lumens of the PT, IS, and DT. Also, PAMS-positive granules are found in the DT, CS, and CD. Immunolocalization of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase to the basolateral membrane of the DT, CS, and CD suggests a role of this enzyme in driving primary and secondary transport processes in these segments, including bicarbonate transport into the lumen of the DT (leading to an alkaline urine). Through the techniques described here, we have identified a series of distinct markers to be used by pathologists, veterinarians, and researchers to easily identify alligator nephron segments. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009 Oct
PMID:Morphology and histochemistry of juvenile American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nephrons. 1968 9


<< Previous 1 2