Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharmacological and ultrastructural methods were used to demonstrate alpha-adrenergic regulation of secretory granule content of acinar cells of Bowman's glands and to localize and identify adrenergic and cholinergic axonal varicosities and terminals in the olfactory mucosa of the tiger salamander. The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine caused secretory granule depletion from Bowman's glands; the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine partially blocked this effect. These observations were quantified using light microscopic computer-assisted morphometric techniques. Both drugs caused morphological signs of electrolye/water transport. Adrenergic axonal varicosities were identified by the presence of small granular vesicles (SGVs, 45-60 nm in diameter) containing electron-dense material that was enhanced by 5-hydroxydopamine loading and chromaffin reaction fixation techniques. Throughout the lamina propria, small fascicles with axons containing SGVs as well as varicosities and terminals with SGVs were located adjacent to blood vessels, Bowman's gland acini, and melanocytes. Mean vesicle diameters at these sites were 54 +/- 7 nm, 50 +/- 9 nm, and 56 +/- 8 nm, respectively; varicosities were located approximately 0.1-1.0 microns from their presumed cellular targets. Axonal varicosities containing small agranular vesicles (AGVs, 65 +/- 8 nm in diameter), identified as cholinergic by their size and by the absence of electron-dense material after 5-hydroxydopamine loading and chromaffin reaction fixation, were located between adjacent acinar cells. In addition, adrenergic varicosities containing SGVs (56 +/- 6 nm in diameter) were found within 1 micron of blood vessels associated with Bowman's gland ducts and sustentacular cells near the base of the olfactory epithelium. These results characterize the ultrastructural basis for adrenergic and cholinergic regulation of vasomotor tone and secretion within the olfactory mucosa.
Anat Rec 1989 Nov
PMID:Ultrastructural localization and identification of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals in the olfactory mucosa. 281 41

Experiments were designed to determine if neurons of the ranid optic tectum, a major target of the optic nerve, possess the same regenerative potential as optic axons. Normal tectal efferent (TE) projections were reexamined by using the anterograde transport of 3H-proline and autoradiography (n = 18), bulk-filling damaged TE axons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP; n = 18) and anterogradely transporting wheat germ agglutinin-HRP (n = 8) to label TE axons. Results were similar to reports that used degeneration methods (Rubinson: Brain Behav. Evol. 1:529-561, '68; Lazar: Acta. Biol. Hung. 20:171-183, '69). Following a brainstem hemisection just caudal to the nucleus isthmi (1-20 weeks), the ipsilateral descending TE pathway was autoradiographically examined (n = 20). While all other TE projections appeared normal, there was no detectable ipsilateral descending projection beyond the lesion site. Ascending TE axons were cut at the anterior tectal border by hemisecting the left diencephalon (LDH)--a lesion that also cuts optic axons projecting to the left tectum. There was no indication of TE axonal regeneration with the aid of autoradiography or HRP histochemistry 1-30 weeks postlesion (n = 48) even when the medial diencephalon was intentionally left intact (n = 4). However, in all four cases examined, optic axons regenerated following the same LDH where TE axonal regeneration failed (also see Stelzner, Lyon, and Strauss: Anat. Rec. 205:191A-192A, '83). Local effects of LDH should be similar for both the cut optic and cut TE axons. Other factors were tested that may contribute to the lack of TE axonal regeneration. Our results indicate that optic regeneration itself (n = 8), postaxotomy retrograde cell death of TE neurons (n = 6), deafferentation of the tectum of optic axons, and potential sprouting within tectal targets by intact contralateral TE axons (n = 10) are not critical factors aborting TE axonal regeneration. TE axons filled with HRP at chronic periods after LDH (n = 4) terminate anomalously near the LDH border. Many of these endings are similar to reactive endings or terminal clubs seen after axonal injury in the mammalian CNS. Our results suggest that this disparity in regenerative ability of optic and TE axons may be related to a difference in the responsive ability of these cell types to initiate or maintain axonal elongation after axotomy within the amphibian CNS environment.
 ...
PMID:Tests of the regenerative capacity of tectal efferent axons in the frog, Rana pipiens. 302 86

We have studied the effects of air drying of exposed, acid etched dentin on the sensory innervation of rat molars. In the acute series of experiments, trigeminal nerve fibers were labeled by axonal transport of radioactive protein prior to the dentin exposure and desiccation, the anesthetized rats were fixed by aldehyde perfusion 10 min later, and the teeth were prepared for autoradiography. The results confirmed the hydrodynamic theory by showing outward movement of labeled nerve material in response to dentinal drilling and desiccation. It also showed that some odontoblasts could be separated from the dentinal nerve fibers. In the chronic series, teeth were injured 25 h, 5-7 days, or 21 days prior to fixation and nerves were labeled during the last 24 hours; the surviving vital nerve fibers were evident because of their axonal transport of the radioactive label. In that series, sensory nerve fibers were found to have been lost from areas with newly-formed reparative dentin, or from dentinal tubules that had lost their odontoblasts. In the teeth injured 25 h, 5-7 days, or 21 days earlier, an abnormal nonneuronal labeling occurred 0.2-0.3 mm into injured dentin. Our results are discussed in relation to the hydrodynamic theory, nerve-odontoblast interactions, differences between shallow and deep cavity injuries, altered nerve location in response to pulpal or dentinal injury, and characteristics of the pulp-dentin border.
Anat Rec 1988 Aug
PMID:Acute and chronic reactions of dental sensory nerve fibers to cavities and desiccation in rat molars. 318 78

In this study, the loss of sensory neurons in the rat was assessed after sciatic nerve section at birth and at 4 weeks of age. The neuronal deficit in ganglia L4-L6, 39-89 weeks after neonatal denervation, was 10,000-17,000. The nerve contains about 19,000 afferent axons, so some axotomized neurons survived. Degenerating perikarya were absent, probably because all surviving neurons had reestablished target contacts. Sectioning the nerve at age 4 weeks, in five rats, after 19-92 weeks had caused the death of 7,000-11,500 neurons. Whether the nerve regenerated or not in these rats apparently did not influence the extent of neuron death. Nevertheless, no deficit was observed in a sixth rat in which muscle reinnervation was very good. Therefore, the results are inconclusive with respect to the effect of axonal regeneration. Ganglia of rats operated at age 4 weeks regularly contained perikarya with axonal reaction; this supports the notion that some mature neurons are able to permanently survive without target contact. There was no evidence for selective loss of large or small neurons after nerve section at birth or at age 4 weeks. The extent of cell loss in individual ganglia varied, indicating varying contributions of the three ganglia to the nerve. Hence, it is not possible to quantify the effect of experimental conditions on the number of sensory neurons when only one of the several ganglia contributing to the nerve is investigated.
Anat Rec 1987 Nov
PMID:Loss of sensory neurons after sciatic nerve section in the rat. 342 51

A light and electron microscope study of the small intestine of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, was carried out at several stages in the animal's annual life cycle. An unusual morphological observation was the presence of cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine which were packed with a conspicuous basophilic granular material that appeared crystalline. Moreover, such cells were present only during the hibernation period and were therefore called "hibernation crystalloid" (HC) cells. By light microscopy, the crystal-like material was not sudanophilic, did not stain for nucleic acids, and did not contain acid phosphatase; it did show reactivity when stained by the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. By electron microscopy, the crystal-like material was found to be present in smooth, membrane-enclosed vacuoles along with an amorphous, dense granular substance. The crystalline material occasionally formed rigid-appearing rods that reached lengths of 10 microns. The crystal-containing cells were contacted by axonal varicosities. It is suggested that these innervated HC cells represent a unique cell type with a gastrointestinal function, yet to be determined, that may be related to hibernation.
Anat Rec 1987 Jun
PMID:Occurrence of cells containing paracrystalloid material in the intestinal lamina propria of the hibernating bat Myotis lucifugus. 361 83

In order to study the location of sensory nerve fibers in dog teeth, we injected 3H-amino acids into the left trigeminal ganglion of 2 anesthetized adult dogs; we then waited 24 hours for axonal transport of labeled protein and prepared the fixed decalcified teeth for autoradiography. Heavily labeled sensory neurons were found in the maxillary and mandibular divisions of each injected ganglion and its peripheral nerves and central root. Numerous labeled axons were found entering dental roots; they arborized mostly in the crown to end in peripheral pulp or inner dentin. Some labeled fibers extended 150-175 microns into dentinal tubules, but most intradentinally labeled fibers were less than 100 microns long. The dentinal innervation was most concentrated in the crown, with autoradiographic label over more than 50% of the tubules at the tip of each pulp horn. Differences in innervation density for coronal, cervical, intercuspal, septal, radicular, and reparative dentin were analyzed. In some regions, labeled endings branched along the pulp-predentin border but did not enter the dentinal tubules. Electron microscopic autoradiograms were prepared to confirm specific labeling of nerve fibers and nerve endings, and to describe their ultrastructure and association with odontoblasts. The results show that labeled sensory fibers in dog teeth have an ultrastructure similar to that described previously for rat molars and for monkey and cat teeth. No specific junctions were found between labeled sensory fibers and odontoblasts, in agreement with previous studies of other teeth.
Anat Rec 1987 Jun
PMID:Sensory innervation of pulp and dentin in adult dog teeth as demonstrated by autoradiography. 361 88

When the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, is transected in the first week of postnatal life, axons can grow back past the lesion and achieve functional reinnervation of caudal projection regions. In contrast, when the tract is sectioned after postnatal day 7 (P7), axons do not reinnervate regions caudal to the cut. The experiments reported here investigated whether regenerative failure after tract section in pups older than P7 is accompanied by developmental changes in the astrocytic response. LOT transections were performed at P3 and P9 and the glial reaction was observed at survival times ranging from 12 hr to 2 weeks. Immunocytochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was employed for histological visualization of astrocytic reactivity. Staining for GFAP immunoreactivity showed an appreciable glial reaction after tract section at both P3 and P9, but the extent of astrocytic hypertrophy and proliferation of glial processes was considerably greater and more extensive after tract section at P9. Radial glial cells were observed 2 weeks after LOT transection at P3 but were absent after lesions made at P9. The results from this study suggest that the developmental loss of regenerative capacity after LOT transection may be related to maturational changes in the glial response. In particular, the presence of radial glial elements after P3 lesions could serve to establish a more favorable microenvironment for axonal elongation.
Anat Rec 1986 Aug
PMID:Developmental changes in the astrocytic response to lateral olfactory tract section. 374 Apr 71

Iontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase into severed olfactory nerve fascicles has been used to stain salamander olfactory receptor cell somata, their associated nerves, and their axonal terminations in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. This technique gives homogeneous, Golgi-like staining of individually identifiable receptor cells and has permitted preliminary mapping of the topographical relationship between the loci of receptors in the olfactory mucosa and sites of their termination in the glomerular layer in the olfactory bulb.
Anat Rec 1981 Jul
PMID:Olfactory receptor cell staining using horseradish peroxidase. 616 14

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the rat, which are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and cervical spinal nerve (CSN), consist of five smaller muscles: the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius. In this study, the location of cell somata of the motoneurons supplying each of these smaller muscles and the peripheral course of their axons have been studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport technique (the HRP method) in combination with cutting of the SAN. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons formed three cell columns, column-M, -L, and -5, in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord. Column-M and -L extend longitudinally in the medial nucleus of C1 and C2 and in the ventrolateral nucleus from the middle of C2 to the middle of C6, respectively. These columns consist of the motoneurons whose axons pass through the SAN and they merge in the caudal C2 to constitute the spinal accessory nucleus. Column-5, which consists of the motoneurons passing through the CSN, extends longitudinally from C3 to C5 close to column-L in the ventrolateral nucleus. Motoneurons supplying the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius muscles showed a rostrocaudal somatotopic distribution in the spinal accessory nucleus and in column-5 in this order, though the sternomastoid motoneurons were not found in column-5.
Anat Rec 1982 Apr
PMID:A study on the localization of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons in the rat by means of the HRP method. 617 48

Central catecholamine (CA) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) were studied in Wistar rats that had been unilaterally nephrectomized. The experimental animals were then treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt water. The control animals were treated with the vehicle and tap water. Blood pressure of animals 4 weeks after DOCA/salt treatment was significantly elevated when compared to control rats. Morphologically, CA terminals showed no noticeable changes in the DOCA/salt hypertensive rats. Furthermore, the density of CA terminals either in the NTS or in the PVN of the DOCA/salt hypertensive rats was not statistically different from that of normotensive controls, suggesting that salt does not cause lesions or destruction of CA terminals. However, an extensive electron-microscopic morphometric analysis indicated that there was an enhancement of CA synaptogenesis (expressed by increased synaptic frequency among all CA boutons labeled with 5-hydroxydopamine) in the PVN, but not in the NTS of DOCA/salt hypertensive rats. In addition, the high-performance liquid chromatography revealed decreased CA contents in the PVN, but not in the NTS, of DOCA/salt hypertensive animals. Since synapses are primary sites for neurotransmitter release, the above results collectively suggest that more CA synapses formed in the PVN may reflect a net CA release from CA terminals resulting in the decreased CA content in the axonal terminals. Such an increased CA release and enhanced CA synaptogenesis may consequently enhance CA function in the PVN of hypertensive rats 4 weeks after DOCA/salt treatment, and relate to the development and/or maintenance of hypertension in the DOCA/salt rats.
Anat Rec 1984 Aug
PMID:Catecholamine synapses and contents in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. 647 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>