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Fourteen cases of lymphosarcoma occurred in a small experimental flock of sheep in Rhodesia. There appeared to be horizontal spread and the ages of the affected animals varied from one to more than 10 years. Thirteen of the cases so far diagnosed were leucaemic with a high lymphocyte count. Eleven of the sheep demonstrated multicentric lesions and two alimentary mesenteric; the remaining animal is still alive. Transmission attempts in four neonates resulted in one showing a high white cell count after 25 months. Electron microscope studies failed to demonstrate C-type virus-like particles. This appears to be the first recorded example of an outbreak of lymphosarcoma in a flock of sheep in Southern Africa and the descriptive term "enzootic leucosis" has been adopted.
Vet Rec 1976 Feb 07
PMID:Enzootic leucosis in a flock of sheep in Rhodesia. 94 58

The analysis of peritoneal fluid is of value in the differential diagnosis of equine colic but its characteristics have not been evaluated in grass sickness. Peritoneal fluid was collected from 15 normal horses and from 11 cases of medical colic, 11 cases of surgical colic, 20 cases of acute grass sickness and 13 cases of subacute grass sickness. The fluid was analysed for its appearance, total and differential white cell count, specific gravity, total protein concentration and total and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Fluid from cases of medical colic was normal in these respects. Surgical cases were unique in having bloodstained fluid with a high alkaline phosphatase activity. Grass sickness cases had a higher specific gravity and protein content than the cases of medical colic although the appearance of the fluid was similar. Grass sickness cases were distinguishable from cases of surgical colic on the basis of the appearance of the fluid and its lower alkaline phosphatase activity.
Vet Rec 1990 Aug 18
PMID:Analysis of peritoneal fluid as a diagnostic aid in grass sickness (equine dysautonomia). 221 47

Eighteen budgerigars with clinical signs of 'going light' were euthanased and examined post mortem; ingluvitis caused by Trichomonas gallinae infection was present in seven birds, proventriculitis associated with the presence of megabacteria in eight birds and in three birds both conditions were present. Haematological examinations of blood taken from the living birds showed that those with T gallinae infection had normal white cell counts whereas those in which megabacteria were present had significant leucocytosis and heterophilia. Some birds in both groups were anaemic. The findings suggest that infection with megabacteria may be responsible for a proportion of cases of 'going light' in budgerigars and that haematological examination can establish this diagnosis in living birds.
Vet Rec 1988 Nov 05
PMID:Haematological findings in budgerigars with megabacterium and Trichomonas infections associated with 'going light'. 320 96

The myeloproliferative diseases may present with a variety of clinical signs including regenerative or non-regenerative anaemias, bleeding diatheses, septicaemia or fever of unknown origin. These signs will raise suspicions of myeloproliferative disease but such disease may also be an incidental finding on routine haematological examination. In either case a bone marrow biopsy will be required for confirmation. Investigation for other causes of anaemia, haemostatic dysfunction or other causes of white cell abnormalities is important in animals where the peripheral blood and bone marrow findings are equivocal or atypical of myeloproliferative disease. Treatment of acute myeloproliferative diseases is presently impractical in veterinary medicine. Therapy of the chronic myeloproliferative diseases depends upon the suppression of the proliferation of the affected clones together with attention to the secondary effects of the disease and to the adverse effects of therapy.
Vet Rec 1987 Nov 21
PMID:Myeloproliferative disease in the dog and cat: clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment. 342 33

The clinical, haematological and functional changes which followed three consecutive intramammary infections of Streptococcus agalactiae in the first lactation of eight heifers, four of which were systemically hyperimmune to the organism, are described. Irrespective of whether it was a vaccinated or non-vaccinated heifer or first, second or third infection the clinical features during the first 24 hours were characterised by elevated temperatures with hard, swollen and painful infected quarters. First infections were almost all of short duration because of self cure, while second or third infections were prolonged, with intermittent excretion of bacteria and low cell counts. Milk yields of infected quarters were depressed, ranging from 8 per cent in short infections to 31 per cent in chronic infections. All blood parameters remained within normal limits with the exception of total and differential white cell counts, which showed a change from a quantitative to a qualitative response by the third infection. The most significant finding was the absence of any real difference between the systemically hyperimmune and the non-vaccinated heifers, suggesting that circulating antibody has little effect against intramammary infection.
Vet Rec 1983 May 14
PMID:Clinical features of consecutive intramammary infections with Streptococcus agalactiae in vaccinated and non-vaccinated heifers. 634 59

A study was made of the effects of exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the levels of blood components in 109 dairy replacement calves and the statistical correlations between these effects and the growth rates of the calves from birth to six months. Blood samples were taken from a jugular vein before ACTH was injected and then at two, four, six and eight hours afterwards, and analysed for plasma cortisol concentration, total white cell counts, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, plasma glucose, sodium, potassium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus, erythrocyte sodium, potassium and magnesium, serum ionised calcium and total protein and total plasma calcium concentration. The injection of 1.1 +/- 0.02 iu/kg of ACTH intramuscularly resulted in a peak plasma cortisol concentration after two hours which had not returned to normal after eight hours. It also resulted in leucocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, eosinopenia and hypophosphataemia; the mean changes were repeatable (P < 0.05) in 49 of the calves tested two months later. The weight gains to six months of age could be predicted from the degree of the changes in several blood constituents. Significant partial regression coefficients were found for the change in glucose concentration (0 to four hours), absolute neutrophil count (0 to two hours), absolute lymphocyte count (0 to four hours) and loge absolute eosinophil count (0 to two hours). The multiple regression sum of squares was highly significant (P < 0.0001), and the multiple coefficient of determination was 0.305. It was concluded that the changes in these blood components after an injection of ACTH might be used to predict the weight gains of dairy replacement calves.
Vet Rec 1995 Jul 08
PMID:Responses of calves to injections of ACTH and their relationship with growth rate. 852 81

Assessments of direct smears of synovial fluid by four clinicians were compared with the results obtained with a Coulter counter. Estimates of total white cell counts by the clinicians were inaccurate and generally higher than the Coulter counter results. The method had a low sensitivity and specificity for the identification of degenerative joint disease and normal joints in comparison with the identification of inflammatory joint disease. There were marked variations in the results obtained by the four clinicians for all the analyses in the study.
Vet Rec 1999 Apr 24
PMID:Value of direct smears of synovial fluid in the diagnosis of canine joint disease. 1035 74

Twelve of 46 female buffaloes with abdominal disorders were diagnosed with omasal impaction. They had been fed finely chopped machine-prepared straw. They were characterised by anorexia, an absence of defecation, abdominal distension, ruminal hypomotility or atony and a suspension of rumination. Omasal impaction was confirmed upon left flank laparorumenotomy on the basis of the size of the omasum and the consistency of its contents. After ruminal evacuation, a long flexible pipe was introduced through the reticulo-omasal orifice and the omasal contents were flushed back into the rumen with water under moderate pressure. Hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and hypophosphataemia were consistent features in most cases. However, two buffaloes that later died had lower levels of plasma chloride, no reticulo-omasal orifice tone and were in an advanced stage of pregnancy. The level of total protein in peritoneal fluid was higher than normal, but the total white cell count was within the normal range. All the animals started passing faeces 36 to 48 hours after surgery. The presence of reticulo-omasal orifice tone and a plasma chloride level above 75 mmol/l were indicators of a good prognosis.
Vet Rec 2008 Mar 01
PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic indicators of omasal impaction in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). 1831 May 60