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A quantitative light microscopic morphometric analysis of lysozyme- and IgA-containing Paneth cells within the ileal mucosa of physiologically manipulated and control (sham operation) animals was performed. The experimental groups of rats included animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment (microbial reduction) and animals with ileal self-filling blind (microbial proliferation) and Thiry-Vella (intestinal discontinuity) loops. The unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical localization technique was employed for the identification of intracellular lysozyme and IgA. Component quantitation was performed by use of a micrometer component quantitator. Marked Paneth cell hyperplasia was noted in association with gnotobiosis and with the Thiry-Vella fistula. This observation quantitatively confirms previous subjective impressions of increased Paneth cell differentiation in association with those physiologic states. Since the neurovascular component of the Thiry-Vella fistula is intact, the normal intraluminal succus entericus would appear to be involved in modulation of Paneth cell differentiation. The recognition of Paneth cell hyperplasia in association with the Thiry-Vella fistula suggests that this may be a useful experimental model for an evaluation of the life cycle and functional characteristics of this cell population. The results also revealed that no significant change in the volume percentage of Paneth cells and a decreased volume percentage of Paneth cells containing IgA occurred in association with the self-filling blind loop. A decreased volume percentage of IgA-containing immunocytes in association with the blind loop has previously been reported. The data are most consistent with the interpretation that the Paneth cell and immunocyte response to antigenic stimulation are interrelated and that the Paneth cell population has a restricted latitude of response to microbial proliferation.
Anat Rec 1982 Sep
PMID:Light microscopic morphometric analysis of rat ileal mucosa: II. Component quantitation of Paneth cells. 714 81

Low plasma IgA concentrations are commonly found in clinically normal dogs. In order to ascertain the relative importance of local and systemic IgA concentrations as factors determining the absence of clinical signs, IgA concentrations in plasma and tears were assayed in clinically normal dogs with a deficiency of IgA (10.33 +/- 0.63 mg/dl). The IgA levels in tears (25.28 +/- 1.91 mg/dl) did not differ significantly from those of control dogs or from previously published data for dogs. Thus, low systemic levels did not imply a significant reduction in local IgA levels. The absence of clinical signs in dogs with low plasma IgA concentrations may therefore be explained by the presence of normal secretory levels and an effective immune response against local pathogens.
Vet Rec 1993 Mar 27
PMID:Local secretory IgA in dogs with low systemic IgA levels. 848 Mar 98

A serological survey of 238 rabbits for antirabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) antibodies was made in an industrial rabbitry where no signs of the disease had been reported for four years. Seroconversion was repeatedly detected and was due to a calicivirus antigenically related to RHDV but without its pathogenicity. There was a seroprevalence of 33.3 per cent among young animals at weaning at 31 days old, 27.6 per cent at five to seven days after weaning, 56.1 per cent at 13 to 14 days after weaning, 90.3 per cent at 19 to 20 days and 100 per cent at 32 to 33 days after weaning, and all the breeding rabbits were seropositive. In the last group and in the young at weaning, the anti-RHDV antibodies were mainly class IgG, but they were IgM and IgA at 13 to 14 days after weaning. In older fattening rabbits, there was a decrease of IgM and IgA and an increase of IgG confirmed seroconversion without any specific signs of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. On the basis of these results, the probable time of infection of the meat rabbits with this non-pathogenic virus was immediately after weaning.
Vet Rec 1997 Jun 21
PMID:Seroconversion in an industrial unit of rabbits infected with a non-pathogenic rabbit haemorrhagic disease-like virus. 922 48

The in vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven healthy basset hounds exposed to Malassezia pachydermatis antigen (500 micrograms/ml) exceeded (P < 0.05) those of seborrhoeic basset hounds with high populations of M pachydermatis and eight Irish setters with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. The stimulation indices in the latter two groups and in eight healthy beagles were comparable. The stimulation indices of the four groups after exposure to phytohaemaglutinin did not differ significantly. The serum titres of M pachydermatis-specific IgG and IgA measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 21 seborrhoeic basset hounds and 11 affected dogs of various breeds exceeded those of 14 healthy basset hounds and eight healthy beagles (P < 0.01 for IgG, P < 0.05 for IgA). Total serum IgA concentrations measured by ELISA in the affected dogs were not lower than those of healthy dogs.
Vet Rec 1998 Oct 03
PMID:Humoral and cell-mediated responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy dogs and dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. 980 94

The right bronchus of the short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, terminates in a nonrespiratory pulmonary appendix (PA) containing two bronchial extensions. The experimentally demonstrated ability of these structures to collect and peristaltically expel aspirated material was initially assumed to be a sufficient reason for their developmental persistence, but as bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) became a subject of immunologic interest in other species, a possible immunologic role for the concentrations of BALT observed in the shrew PA were investigated. As the BALT of the PA contained many well-differentiated plasma cells and numerous particle-containing macrophages, 6-mu paraffin sections were treated with an immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin preparation that chromogenically identified alpha chains of IgA in many of the PA plasma cells and their associated luminal secretions. Also, vascular injections revealed that the PA had a complex relationship with anastomotic sinusoids connecting the bronchial and pulmonary circulation systems, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the luminal epithelial surfaces of the PA were virtually identical to the scattered BALT aggregates in the bronchi of other animals. It thus appeared that these unique structures in the shrew are morphologically and topographically suited to receive aspirated antigens that induce secretory IgA production, while possibly providing other humoral and cellular immunologic products to the general circulation.
Anat Rec 2002 03 01
PMID:Pulmonary appendix of the short-tailed shrew (Blarina): a unique immunologic organ. 1187 Jun 1

The salivary and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M and A (IgG, IgM and IgA), and the salivary concentrations of albumin were measured by ELISA in 30 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and 32 healthy cats. The cats with chronic gingivostomatitis had significantly higher salivary concentrations of IgG, IgM and albumin, and higher serum concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA, but significantly lower salivary concentrations of IgA than the healthy cats. The cats with chronic gingivostomatitis were treated with either methylprednisolone, sodium aurothiomalate, metronidazole and spiramycin, or oral hygiene products. After three months of treatment, the cats receiving methylprednisolone had a significant reduction in serum IgG levels compared to the cats treated with sodium aurothiomalate or metronidazole and spiramycin, but after six months of treatment there were no significant differences between the groups. Before the treatments, the levels of oral inflammation were not correlated significantly with any of the serum or salivary immunoglobulin levels. However, the changes in oral inflammation were correlated significantly with the changes in the salivary IgM concentration after three and six months of treatment, and with the change in the salivary IgA concentration after six months of treatment.
Vet Rec 2003 Feb 01
PMID:Salivary and serum immunoglobulin levels in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. 1258 97

Twenty-five weimaraners with recurrent infections or inflammatory disease were investigated; their median age was four months (range two to 36 months), and 11 of them were male and 14 female. Twenty of them showed signs of lethargy, anorexia or pyrexia, 13 had been vomiting or had diarrhoea, 12 had shown signs of pain in the joints or bones and been lame, five had had reactions at the site of an injection, five had generalised lymphadenopathy, three had urinary tract infections and two had recurrent or severe pyoderma. They all had a lower concentration of one or more classes of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA) than the standard control ranges, and their mean concentration of IgG was significantly lower (P<0.005) than the mean concentration of IgG in 15 clinically normal weimaraners. Of 10 cases for which a complete vaccination history was available, nine had developed clinical signs within five days of being vaccinated. Follow-up data were available from 21 of the 25 dogs for a median period of 24.5 months. One dog died during a symptomatic episode, three were euthanased, six were alive at follow-up but had continued to show clinical signs and 11 had made a full recovery.
Vet Rec 2003 Nov 01
PMID:Retrospective study of 25 young weimaraners with low serum immunoglobulin concentrations and inflammatory disease. 1462 35

Samples of urine and serum from 45 newborn rottweiler puppies from six litters, and milk from their mothers, were taken 24, 48 and 72 hours and seven and 14 days after birth. Urine total protein and creatinine concentrations were determined and the ratios calculated. The immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in urine, serum and milk were determined with a commercially available elisa kit. The concentration of total protein in urine decreased from 1.64 to 0.29 mg/ml, and it and the ratio of total protein to creatinine in the urine of the neonatal puppies exceeded the normal values for adult dogs, but all the puppies developed normally. The average concentration of IgG in urine decreased from 0.0035 to 0.0003 mg/ml, that of IgA from 0.0035 to 0.0002 mg/ml and that of IgM from 0.0006 mg/ml to undetectable levels after two weeks. After two weeks, 47 per cent of the puppies had measurable levels of IgA and 70.6 per cent had measurable levels of IgG, but none of them had measurable levels of IgM.
Vet Rec 2005 Sep 24
PMID:Proteinuria and immunoglobulinuria in neonatal dogs. 1618 97

The ceruminous glands in the skin of the human external auditory canal are modified apocrine glands, which, together with sebaceous glands, produce the cerumen, the ear wax. Cerumen plays an important role in the protection of the ear canal against physical damage and microbial invasion. We studied the morphology of the glandular cells by light and electronmicroscopy. Antimicrobial and cytoskeletal components of the ceruminous glands were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Numerous antimicrobial proteins and peptides are present in the ceruminous glandular cells: beta-defensin-1, beta-defensin-2, cathelicidin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, MUC1, secretory component of IgA. These data indicate a crucial role in the innate host defense against diverse pathogens. The apocrine secretion mechanism is a special mode of secretion by which the apical part of the cell cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane is pinched off. We could show that the presence of actin filaments, CK 19 and CK 7, seems to play a role in the pinching-off mechanism. Finally, we showed the secretion of lipid vesicles from the ceruminous gland. We could extend the number of detected antimicrobial peptides and proteins in human ceruminous glandular cells that protect the surface of the external auditory meatus. In addition, we detected proteins involved in the apocrine secretion mode of the ceruminous gland.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2006 Aug
PMID:Human ceruminous gland: ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of antimicrobial and cytoskeletal components. 1683 26

Renal cortical biopsies from 74 dogs with different degrees of renal failure were studied by immunofluorescence to assess the frequency and extent of the deposition of immunoglobulins G, M and A (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement C3. The dogs were divided into two groups on the basis of their clinical signs, and standard histological and electron microscopical examinations, according to whether their disease was an immune-mediated nephropathy (IMN) or a non-immune-mediated nephropathy (NIMN). In the dogs with an imn there was strong immunofluorescence due to IgG in the mesangium and the glomerular basement membrane and to IgM in the mesangium. The mechanism of immune complex trapping in the glomerulus also resulted in positive reactions to IgM in the dogs with an NIMN.
Vet Rec 2008 Dec 06
PMID:Immunofluorescence staining for the detection of immunoglobulins and complement (C3) in dogs with renal disease. 1906 Mar 16


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