Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nonspecific cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in terminal Schwann cells associated with Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of rat incisors at the light and electron microscopic levels. The terminal Schwann cells are ultrastructurally characterized by a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cells in this study were positive for nonspecific cholinesterase, whereas ordinary Schwann cells associated with more proximal nerve fibers reacted negatively. The reaction products were densely deposited in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and along the nuclear envelop. A moderately intense labeling was found in the cytoplasmic extensions, in which the reaction products gathered in caveolae and vesicles. These findings indicate that nonspecific cholinesterase is a useful marker to distinguish terminal Schwann cells from ordinary Schwann cells and that the enzyme may be synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and conveyed toward the axon terminals. Since this enzyme has been known to be shared by the inner bulb of Pacinian corpuscles and the lamellar cells of Meissner's corpuscles, its possible involvement in mechanoreceptive functions in these specialized Schwann cells deserves further investigation.
Anat Rec 1990 Nov
PMID:Cholinesterase activity in terminal Schwann cells associated with Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of rat incisors. 226 Jul 88

The ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in guinea pig pineal gland was studied using the copper-glycine procedure. A small number of pinealocytes and bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers were labeled by the AChE reaction. The AChE-positive pinealocytes were located near blood vessels and distributed in small groups. The AChE reaction product was localized in the perinuclear cistern, in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and in the saccules of the Golgi apparatus. These findings suggest that the AChE-positive pinealocytes synthesize AChE. The AChE reaction product was also seen in the intercellular space between pinealocyte processes. Besides pinealocytes, AChE activity was localized on the axolemma of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers and in the basement membrane surrounding unmyelinated nerve fibers. Pseudocholinesterase activity was confined to Schwann cells, which showed the reaction product in their perinuclear cistern, in the cisternae of the ER, and on the plasmalemma.
Anat Rec 1990 Apr
PMID:Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in the guinea pig pineal gland. 233 Oct 60

The purpose of the present investigation was to identify and compare cholinergic intramural neurons in the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal body by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase and the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase. Opossums were anesthetized and their abdominal cavity was opened by a midline incision to expose the esophagogastric junction. The lower esophageal sphincter was identified manometerically and localized in situ with markers. Tissues were removed, rapidly frozen in freon cooled with liquid nitrogen and serial cryostat sections were obtained from the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal body. Sections were stained with one of the above histochemical procedures and adjacent sections were stained with Solachrome cyanin , which differentially stains nerve elements from muscle fibers. The muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal body was stained with nonspecific cholinesterase with some selectivity of intensity of reaction in the various smooth muscle layers. All identifiable plexus neurons in the esophagus stained for nonspecific cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. Nerve fiber tracts were also stained for acetylcholinesterase within the longitudinal and circular layers of the tunica muscularis. Reaction for choline acetyltransferase showed no staining in the muscle layers or nerve fiber tracts of either part of the esophagus studied; however, selected neurons within the myenteric plexus of both regions (approximately 38%) were reactive. There was no significant difference in the number of positive choline acetyltransferase neurons in the lower esophageal sphincter or esophageal body.
Anat Rec 1984 May
PMID:Acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase staining of neurons in the opossum esophagus. 620 39

The morphogenesis of motor endplates along the proximodistal hindlimb axis is described for the mouse using nonspecific cholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy. There is a two day lag in relative stages of development between a proximal muscle (rectus femoris, RF) and a distal muscle (flexor hallucis brevis, FHB). Cholinesterase activity first appears in the RF on embryonic day 15 and the FHB on embryonic day 17. In the following days, faint wisps of reaction product thicken, form small ovals on myotubes, and finally enlarge with internal ramifications as the muscle fibers increase in diameter. Axons first enter the RF between embryonic days 12 and 13, and contact both embryonic cells (most likely myoblasts) and cells assumed to be Schwann cells. Myotubes are present in the RF the following day. The first signs of synapse formation-appearance of symmetrical electron opaque membrane patches, and dense cored and synaptic vesicles--occur between axons and myotubes in the RF on embryonic day 15. During the following days basal lamina material accumulates in the synaptic cleft, coated vesicles and postjunctional folds appear in the myotubes, and synaptic vesicles accumulate in the axon terminals. By postnatal day 42 the axon terminals lay in primary gutters opposite deep secondary postjunctional folds, and are separated and capped by Schwann cell processes.
Anat Rec 1983 Nov
PMID:Morphogenesis of motor endplates along the proximodistal axis of the mouse hindlimb. 665 Aug 77

A 20-year-old Arab crossbred gelding was examined because it had apparently suffered an overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system for three hours. The clinical signs consisted of hypersalivation, profuse sweating, maximal miosis, fasciculation of the muscles and lateral recumbency in combination with continuous convulsions without diarrhoea. The horse's plasma pseudocholinesterase activity was approximately 10 per cent of normal. It responded well to 10 mg atropine and 50 mg diazepam administered intravenously.
Vet Rec 1995 Nov 25
PMID:Inhibition of pseudocholinesterase activity in a 20-year-old gelding. 864 36

In order to study the changes in the pattern of autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system in relation to age, the innervation of the conduction system of 24 human hearts (the age of the individuals ranged from newborn to 80 years), freshly obtained at autopsy, was evaluated by a combination of immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques. The pattern of distribution and density of nerves exhibiting immunoreactivity against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), a general neural marker, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicators for presumptive sympathetic neural tissue, and those demonstrating positive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were studied. All these nerves showed a similar pattern of distribution and developmental changes. The density of innervation, assessed semiquantitatively, was highest in the sinus node, and exhibited a decreasing gradient through the atrioventricular node, penetrating and branching bundle, to the bundle branches. Other than a paucity of those showing AChE activity, nerves were present in substantial quantities in infancy. They then increased in density to a maximum in childhood, at which time the adult pattern was achieved and then gradually decreased in density in the elders to a level similar to or slightly less than that in infancy. In contrast, only scattered AChE-positive nerves were found in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, but were absent from the bundle branches of the infant heart, whereas these conduction tissues themselves possessing a substantial amount of pseudocholinesterase. During maturation into adulthood, however, the conduction tissues gradually lost their content of pseudocholinesterase but acquired a rich supply of AChE-positive nerves, comparable in density to those of DBH and TH nerves. The decline in density of AChE-positive nerves in the conduction tissues in the elders was also similar to those of DBH and TH nerves. Our findings of initial sympathetic dominance in the neural supply to the human cardiac conduction system in infancy, and its gradual transition into a sympathetic and parasympathetic codominance in adulthood, correlate well with the physiologic alterations known to occur in cardiac rate during postnatal development. The finding of reduction in density of innervation of the conduction tissue with ageing is also in agreement with clinical and electrophysiological findings such as age-associated reduction in cardiac response to parasympathetic stimulation. Finally, our findings also support the hypothesis that, in addition to the para-arterial route, the parafascicular route of extension along the conduction tissue constitutes another pathway for the innervation of the conduction system of the human heart during development.
Anat Rec 2001 10 01
PMID:Autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system: changes from infancy to senility--an immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis. 1159 May 94