Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within 45 minutes after mating in the rabbit, numerous heterophil leukocytes adhere to the endothelium of venules in the vagina. Initial association appears to occur via small protuberances from the leukocyte which fit into small indentions in the endothelial cell. Following adherence, leukocytes flatten and pass between endothelial cells. A regular intercellular space separates the leukocyte from the endothelial cells. Leukocytes subsequently migrate through the connective tissue to the epithelium. By three hours postcoitus, the region beneath the basement lamina of the vaginal epithelium is crowded with numerous juxtaposed leukocytes. Leukocytes subsequently migrate between epithelial cells into the vaginal lumen where they actively engulf spermatozoa. Spermatozoa appear to be ingested head first. Numerous small filaments are observed in the leukocyte cytoplasm in the region adjacent to the sperm head. Degranulation of azurophyl granules follows sperm uptake. The leukocyte response can be elicited either by spermatozoa (from the epididymis) or by semen (from vasectomized bucks), but is not elicited by ovulation (with human chorionic gonadotropin). It is suggested that the response may be initiated because the vagina does not distinguish between semen, spermatozoa and bacterial infection.
Anat Rec 1977 Sep
PMID:Leukocyte emigration and migration in the vagina following mating in the rabbit. 56 80

We used biochemical and structural approaches to analyze the influence of gonadotropic hormones on the association of hepatic lipase with specific subsets of ovarian blood vessels. Western blotting was used to detect this enzyme in effluent collected from heparin-perfused ovaries of nonhormone-treated immature rats and those primed with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The effects of these hormones on hepatic lipase distribution among ovarian blood vessels was assessed before and after hCG and/or PMSG treatment by immunofluorescence and immunogold cytochemistry. For the latter, immunoreagents and fixative were delivered directly to chilled, unfixed ovaries by in situ vascular perfusion. Data from biochemical and structural analyses indicated that hepatic lipase was absent from nonhormone-treated ovaries. As shown by Western blotting of ovarian effluent, the enzyme appeared following treatment with PMSG and PMSG-hCG; it increased in amount in a time-dependent manner, with a transient decline in the early hours after hCG injection. Enzyme levels paralleled growth and vascularization of follicles and corpora lutea; the fall tended to coincide with early events in luteal angiogenesis. Immunogold microscopy showed that hepatic lipase was abundant in thin-walled blood vessels of theca interna of follicles, corpora lutea, and interstitial cells but sparse in those of the stroma. Moreover, during neovascularization of differentiating corpora lutea, vascular sprouts arising from hepatic lipase-laden thecal vessels appeared to lose, then regain, the enzyme as development progressed. Our findings thus suggest 1) that hormones influence the establishment of endothelial cell heterogeneity within the microvasculature of a single organ and 2) that development of novel endothelial cell properties in specific subsets of blood vessels underlies compartmentalization of function within a tissue.
Anat Rec 1993 Apr
PMID:Establishment of heterogeneity among blood vessels: hormone-influenced appearance of hepatic lipase in specific subsets of the ovarian microvasculature. 846 84

The activity of 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase (17alpha-hydroxylase) in the ovaries and steroid hormone levels in the plasma were studied in immature hypophysectomized rats (IH-rats) treated with human recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) alone or combined with various doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Eleven days after hypophysectomy, rats were given rec-FSH alone (total dose, 40 IU), or combined with various doses (0.1 to 10 IU in total) of hCG, twice daily for 4 days. Plasma levels of progesterone, testosterone and estradiol, and ovarian 17alpha-hydroxylase activity were measured 18 h after the last injection. Histology showed that the ovaries treated with rec-FSH alone had large antral follicles, the theca interna cells of which were small in size compared with those treated with rec-FSH combined with hCG. The activity of 17alpha-hydroxylase in the ovaries of IH-rats treated with rec-FSH alone was lower than that in the control IH-rats. It was markedly increased by treatment with rec-FSH combined with 1 or 10 IU hCG. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 17alpha-hydroxylase was localized only in the oocyte in the ovaries of control IH-rats and those treated with rec-FSH alone. When the IH-rats were treated with rec-FSH plus hCG, the number of immunopositive theca interna cells and interstitial cells, and their immunointensity were increased in an hCG dose-dependent manner. The plasma estradiol levels in the IH-rats treated with rec-FSH alone were low, but significantly higher than those in the control IH-rats, and estradiol levels were noticeably elevated in IH-rats treated with rec-FSH plus hCG. These results suggest that a synergism between hCG (LH) and FSH is essential for follicular development and steroidogenesis in the ovaries, implying paracrine effects among granulosa cells, theca cells and probably oocytes. The functional significance of 17alpha-hydroxylase in the oocytes is discussed in relation to estradiol production.
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PMID:The activity of 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase in the ovaries of immature hypophysectomized rats treated with recombinant FSH combined with various doses of human chorionic gonadotropin. 940 34

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and luteinizing hormone (eLH) are encoded by a single gene and have identical peptide portions. They, however, differ in the structures of their attached oligosaccharides, which depend on the sites of their production. Recombinant eCG/LH (rec-eCG/LH) possesses dual LH and FSH activities. Mutant eCG/LH in which Asn 56 of the alpha-subunit was changed to Gln to remove the N-linked oligosaccharide showed complete loss of LH activity, whereas in contrast its FSH activity was more potent than that of the wild-type. Another mutant, which lacked the carboxyterminal portion of the beta-subunit to which O-linked oligosaccharides are attached, showed LH activity similar to that of the wild-type, whereas it had the most potent FSH activity. Thus, the oligosaccharides attached to eCG/LH play differential roles in the expression of biological activity.
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PMID:[Production of recombinant eCG with potent FSH-like activity by site-directed mutagenesis]. 950 7

In the human in vitro fertilization (IVF) program a variety of superovulation regimens have been employed to promote follicular stimulation and the recruitment of supernumerary oocytes. This therapy, however, disturbs serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone and may disrupt the normal feedback systems of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. This study examines the effects of hyperstimulation on the pituitary gonadotrophs and circulating gonadotrophins. FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were administered to normal cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) in phase with their estrous cycle. Control rats (n = 12) were injected with saline. In both the experimental and control groups, six rats were mated on the evening of proestrus and killed 12 hr later, while six animals were killed prior to mating. Blood was collected at the time of sacrifice for radioimmunoassay. The pituitary glands were removed, processed for light microscopy and serially sectioned. Immunocytochemistry for LH and FSH was carried out to determine the area occupied by these cell types. Data were statistically analyzed. Findings were correlated with circulating levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. RIA revealed that the concentration of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were significantly different with respect to hyperstimulation and mating. In addition the area occupied by LH and FSH cells was significantly different with respect to both hyperstimulation and mating. Hyperstimulation affects gonadotroph content, as well as gonadotropin and sex steroid hormone concentrations and together with other factors, may disrupt the ideal environment required for implantation.
Anat Rec 1999 03
PMID:Effect of exogenous gonadotropins on gonadotrophs of the rat pituitary gland. 1009 68

Sertoli cell functional reserve was assessed in normozoospermic men and oligozoospermic patients and its prognostic potential was evaluated for patient selection and treatment. For the first objective, three groups of normo-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/normozoospermic fertile men (n:12), normo-FSH/oligozoospermic (n:21) and hyper-FSH/oligozoospermic subfertile men participated in the study whereas for the second objective 24 normo-FSH oligozoospermic patients volunteered for a pilot therapeutic trial. For the first part, high purity (hp) FSH (225 i.u., i.m.), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (1500 i.u., i.m.) or their combination was given separately at weekly intervals, with samplings at 0, 3, 24 and 48 h. For the pilot trial, rec-FSH (150 i.u./48 h, i.m.) or placebo were prescribed for 6 months. The main outcome measures for the study were inhibin-B (inh-B), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, testosterone and oestradiol concentrations and the main sperm parameters. Bolus administration of hp-FSH or hp-FSH/hCG combination in normozoospermic men resulted in a significant rise of inh-B in normozoospermic men (mean +/- SD, basal: 183.8+/-24.2 pg/mL in hp-FSH and 175.2+/-23.5 in hp-FSH/hCG treatment; 48 h: 256.1+/-34.2 and 246.3+/-19.0, respectively, p<0.001 for both). In oligozoospermic groups basal inh-B concentration was lower than in normozoospermic men (normo-FSH: 117.4+/-16.5, hyper-FSH: 81.2+/-19.8, p<0.001 for both) with a post-stimulation increase noted only in normo-FSH patients (hp-FSH 24-h: 132.8+/-19.7, p<0.01; hp-FSH/hCG 0 min: 105.7+/-20.1, 24-h: 119.5+/-20.6, p<0.05). Total sperm number and progressive motility showed significant improvements (p<0.05 for both) after 6 months of rec-FSH treatment in the group of patients with a satisfactory response to hp-FSH stimulation. In conclusion, the basal and reserve activity of Sertoli cells, as judged by inh-B secretion, was higher in normozoospermic than in dyspermic men, with a better therapeutic outcome noted in those patients with an adequate response to hp-FSH stimulation.
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PMID:Assessment of Sertoli cell functional reserve and its relationship to sperm parameters. 1284 97

The objective of these investigations was to characterize ovarian responses to hormonal stimulation in TP53-deficient mice. TP53-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were induced to ovulate with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin. Effect of estradiol on ovarian morphology was determined in induced and control mice implanted with estradiol-containing or placebo pellets. Blood was collected and mice were killed 7 days following implantation. Preserved ovaries were serially sectioned and stained. Numbers of follicles (all classifications) decreased with ovulation induction, but did not differ between WT and KO mice. Numbers of corpora lutea (CL) were less in ovulation-induced KO mice treated with estradiol compared to WT mice. Area of individual CL and serum concentrations of progesterone were greater in ovulation-induced KO mice given estradiol compared to WT mice. Ovulation-induced KO mice had more, larger hemorrhagic follicles than similarly treated WT mice, but hemorrhagic follicles were not influenced by estradiol. Proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells did not differ between KO and WT mice induced to ovulate and given estradiol. Ovaries from TP53 gene knockout mice (n = 4) induced to ovulate and given a 21-day estradiol implant three times over 58 days were observed for precursor lesions. There was no indication of precursor lesions in any TP53 KO or WT mouse. TP53 status did not influence recruitment of follicles, but TP53 deficiency hindered the ability of human chorionic gonadotropin to cause ovulation.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007 Jan
PMID:Ovarian morphometrics in TP53-deficient mice. 1744 Nov 98

The objective of the study was to analyze the potential role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in cytogenetic changes of in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes and to determine whether the lower developmental potential of immature oocytes is due to a higher incidence of abnormalities in meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment as well as aneuploidy. In vivo matured oocytes were collected from naturally ovulated and superovulated (5.0 I U of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone [rec-FSH] + recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin [rec-HCG]) mice. Immature oocytes were retrieved from naturally cycling mice and from mice primed with rec-FSH for 48 h. The immature oocytes were cultured 18 h for in vitro maturation (IVM). In vivo and in vitro matured oocytes were assessed for the meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment as well as aneuploidy. There was no significant difference of meiotic spindle organization, chromosomal alignment and aneuploidy between in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes derived from naturally cycling and stimulated mice. Therefore, the lower developmental potential of immature oocytes does not appear to be directly related to the incidence of abnormal meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment or to aneuploidy.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes derived from naturally cycling and stimulated mice. 1857 51

Twenty-five ferret jills were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals; they were treated either before the breeding season with 15 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), with 40 mg proligestone or with a slow-releasing device containing 4.7 mg of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin acetate (srGnRH), or at spring oestrus with 100 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or were left untreated and mated. All the ferrets were assessed for signs of oestrus and their ovarian response was monitored by individual faecal progesterone metabolite (P4-met) profiles. The mean (sd) durations of treatment-induced ovarian quiescence were 94 (18), 99 (40), 53 (9) and 698 (122) days in the group treated with MPA, proligestone, hCG and srGnRH, respectively (P<0.001). Treatment with hCG and srGnRH proved to be the safest, while MPA treatment was associated with most side effects. Both MPA and proligestone treatments caused alopecia in one ferret per group, and after the first return to oestrus and mating an MPA-treated jill had a premature delivery and developed a purulent vaginal discharge. At the first post-treatment mating, the fertility (expressed as the percentage of ferrets mated in the group that produced a litter) was 75 per cent in the MPA-treated group, 60 per cent in the proligestone-treated group, 75 per cent in the hCG-treated group and 0 per cent in the srGnRH-treated group; in the control group, fertility was 100 per cent at mating in spring and 60 per cent at mating in summer. Three srGnRH-treated jills conceived at the second post-treatment oestrus.
Vet Rec 2010 Jan 16
PMID:Comparison of four treatments to suppress ovarian activity in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). 2008 Nov 78

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) incidentally occurs in controlled ovarian stimulation protocols and is associated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. OHSS is caused by increased vascular permeability (VP) and thought to be mediated by hypersecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by granulosa cells. Low molecular weight (LMW)-LH agonists have a similar mode of action but a shorter half-life compared with hCG, which could potentially lead to a clinical benefit in reducing the risk for OHSS in controlled ovarian stimulation protocols. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of an orally active LMW-LH agonist in OHSS induction compared with recombinant LH (rec-LH) and hCG. Immature rats were hyperstimulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, and ovulation was induced by hCG, rec-LH or a LMW-LH agonist. The degree of VP was determined by Evans Blue in the abdominal cavity. Ovaries were weighed, and VEGF concentration in the ovary was determined. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin stimulation followed by single-dose hCG or rec-LH resulted in clear enlargement of the ovaries and increased VP and VEGF levels. However, ovulation induction with a single dose of the LMW-LH agonist did not result in increased VP and VEGF levels, and even multiple dosing to mimic a longer exposure did not induce OHSS symptoms. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the oral LMW-LH agonist did not induce VP in rat, indicative for OHSS, possibly due to reduced VEGF production. If this is translatable to human, this could potentially represent a clinical benefit in reducing the risk for OHSS when using these compounds in controlled ovarian stimulation protocols.
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PMID:Prevention of the onset of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in the rat after ovulation induction with a low molecular weight agonist of the LH receptor compared with hCG and rec-LH. 2189 71


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