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A nonspecific cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in terminal Schwann cells associated with Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of rat incisors at the light and electron microscopic levels. The terminal Schwann cells are ultrastructurally characterized by a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cells in this study were positive for nonspecific cholinesterase, whereas ordinary Schwann cells associated with more proximal nerve fibers reacted negatively. The reaction products were densely deposited in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and along the nuclear envelop. A moderately intense labeling was found in the cytoplasmic extensions, in which the reaction products gathered in caveolae and vesicles. These findings indicate that nonspecific cholinesterase is a useful marker to distinguish terminal Schwann cells from ordinary Schwann cells and that the enzyme may be synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and conveyed toward the axon terminals. Since this enzyme has been known to be shared by the inner bulb of Pacinian corpuscles and the lamellar cells of Meissner's corpuscles, its possible involvement in mechanoreceptive functions in these specialized Schwann cells deserves further investigation.
Anat Rec 1990 Nov
PMID:Cholinesterase activity in terminal Schwann cells associated with Ruffini endings in the periodontal ligament of rat incisors. 226 Jul 88

The distribution of hyaluronic acid in the oocyte-cumulus complexes collected from the oviduct ampulla of superovulated hamsters was revealed by use of hyaluronidase coupled to colloidal gold. On thin sections of Lowicryl-embedded oocyte-cumulus complexes, gold particles were associated specifically with interconnecting fibrillar materials that make up the cumulus matrix. Inside the cumulus cells, gold particles were found over the cisternal membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in the contents of lysosomes and multivesicular bodies, and over Golgi vesicles of some cumulus cells. A high concentration of gold labeling was observed over the peripheral condensed chromatin and perinucleolar components in the nucleus. The cell surface of the cumulus cells also appeared to be labeled. Gold particles, however, were absent over the mitochondria and lipid vacuoles. In the oocytes, labeling was found to be associated mainly with rough endoplasmic reticulum and arrays of lamellar structures; cortical granules, mitochondria, and coated vesicles were essentially devoid of gold particles. Gold particles were also seen along the plasma membrane of the oocytes and within the perivitelline space. The zona pellucida was not labeled by hyaluronidase-gold. Different control experiments confirmed the specificity of the labeling. Digestion of thin sections with hyaluronidase prior to incubation with hyaluronidase-gold abolished the initial reaction, whereas treatment of thin sections with chondroitinase did not prevent labeling of oocyte-cumulus complexes by hyaluronidase-gold. Although the function of hyaluronic acid in the oocyte-cumulus complex at the time of ovulation and fertilization is not known, the high concentration of this particular compound in the cumulus matrix and the cumulus cells and its specific locations in the perivitelline space and in the superovulated oocytes implicate the significance of its presence and warrant future investigations.
Anat Rec 1990 Dec
PMID:High-resolution localization of hyaluronic acid in the golden hamster oocyte-cumulus complex by use of a hyaluronidase-gold complex. 228 56

Functional differentiation of the notochord in rhesus monkey embryos at stages 11-12 (25-28 days of gestation) was analyzed by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry. The notochordal cells exhibited well developed Golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and numerous coated vesicles. Large irregular intercellular spaces were common, and some contained fibrils and particulate matter similar to that observed in the perinotochordal space immediately surrounding the notochord. With the glycogen-specific thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique, solitary particles as well as large aggregates of glycogen were present within the notochordal cells. The center of some aggregates was electron lucent and contained collapsed membranous structures. The results indicate that as early as stage 11 the nonhuman primate notochord exhibits ultrastructural features suggestive of secretory activity and cytological complexity.
Anat Rec 1990 Dec
PMID:Cytochemical analysis of the notochord in early rhesus monkey embryos. 228 59

Sheep and goat binucleate cells (BNC) play a central role in placental growth and development. This study reports a simple method for isolating 60-70% pure populations of BNC of high viability. After incubation of the isolated BNC with a brief pulse of 14C-leucine or 3H-fucose or 3H-galactose, electron microscope autoradiography showed that label was eventually incorporated into the characteristic BNC granules via the Golgi body. Fucose and galactose initially showed a much higher Golgi body label than leucine, which was at first predominantly localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. 35S-methionine incorporation by BNC suspensions was extensive enough to allow an immunoprecipitation investigation which demonstrated that the protein hormone ovine placental lactogen and the SBU-3 antigen were synthesised de novo. Previous studies with isolated BNC have shown a remarkable range of substances to be released into the incubation medium but not necessarily synthesised during the incubation. The results demonstrate unequivocally that isolated BNC's are capable of total synthesis in vitro of two of the proteins that these same cells are known to secrete in vivo.
Anat Rec 1990 Jan
PMID:Characterization of the synthetic capacities of isolated placental binucleate cells from sheep and goats. 229 81

Electron microscopy of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage from normal 4-5-week-old rats has revealed extensive fibrillar aggregates and globules in the pericellular spaces of proliferating chondrocytes. These cells contained small globules and diffusely coiled, fine filaments located within large, membrane-invested vacuoles. All such structures were observed after a variety of different tissue fixation regimes, including glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, and potassium pyroantimonate. The fibrillar aggregates and globules were often overlapping and intermeshed and extended to 0.5 micron in length from their point of origin at cell membranes. Vacuoles were usually found at the periphery of cells, and some, by membrane fusion with the cell envelope, appeared contiguous with extracellular spaces wherein their contents could be discharged. Fine filaments and globules were occasionally observed in the Golgi complex and cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum of the chondrocytes. Further characterization of the cellular and pericellular components by electron microscopic radioautography, electron probe microanalysis, and electron spectroscopic imaging indicated the presence of sulfur, a result suggesting these aggregates, filaments, and globules in part represent proteoglycans in various stages of synthesis, secretion, and assembly. Additional radioautography utilizing 3H-proline implied that filament bundles are also composed of collagen, a result posing the possibility that this protein and the putative proteoglycans may co-migrate both intracellularly and within pericellular matrices. In extracellular matrices adjacent to cell lacunae, the fibrillar aggregates appeared in close association with typical collagen type II fibrils, an observation providing evidence for proteoglycan-collagen network formation in this region of the rat epiphysis. These microscopic and analytical data in situ would support certain studies in vitro of proteoglycan-collagen type II and IX association and are important in describing the interaction of such cartilage components ultimately involved in matrix formation.
Anat Rec 1990 Feb
PMID:Visualization of sulfur-containing components associated with proliferating chondrocytes from rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilage: possible proteoglycan and collagen co-migration. 230 35

Gravid goodeid females harbor embryos in a preformed ovarian cavity for prolonged periods of gestation. Various nutrients for embryonic growth are provided by the internal ovarian epithelium (IOE). Its cells flatten during late stages of gestation and form an attenuated layer of cytoplasm covering a dense network of protruding capillaries, with the nuclear domains mostly recessing between the vascular meshes. The IOE in both Xenotoca eiseni and Girardinichthys viviparus exhibit morphological features associated with vesicular transport of macromolecules. The amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the IOE cells seem insufficient to effectively synthesise proteinaceous secretions. Apparently, it rather serves as a transit route for serum-derived products. Cationized ferritin (CF) was injected into the ovarian cavity of gravid females. The electrostatic ligand spotwise attached to the luminal surface of the IOE and gained access by adsorptive micropinocytosis. Many tracer molecules were sequestered into lysosome-like vacuoles that became increasingly swollen after prolonged incubation intervals. In addition, CF traversed the IOE within small vesicles. At the basal pole of the cells the contents of transcytotic vesicles were evacuated, and localization of small CF-clusters was regularly in the basement lamina, in the underlying connective tissue, in vacuoles within migrant cells, in vesicular compartments of the capillary endothelia, in capillary lumina, and in intravascular leucocytes. Tracer molecules were never observed to enter stacked Golgi cisternae. Since the cationic marker probably follows retrograde pathways of the protein secretion, the experimental data support the morphologically derived conclusions that postulate a major role for the IOE in transepithelial transport.
Anat Rec 1990 Feb
PMID:Retrograde trafficking of tracer protein by the internal ovarian epithelium in gravid goodeid teleosts. 230 36

The ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in guinea pig pineal gland was studied using the copper-glycine procedure. A small number of pinealocytes and bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers were labeled by the AChE reaction. The AChE-positive pinealocytes were located near blood vessels and distributed in small groups. The AChE reaction product was localized in the perinuclear cistern, in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and in the saccules of the Golgi apparatus. These findings suggest that the AChE-positive pinealocytes synthesize AChE. The AChE reaction product was also seen in the intercellular space between pinealocyte processes. Besides pinealocytes, AChE activity was localized on the axolemma of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers and in the basement membrane surrounding unmyelinated nerve fibers. Pseudocholinesterase activity was confined to Schwann cells, which showed the reaction product in their perinuclear cistern, in the cisternae of the ER, and on the plasmalemma.
Anat Rec 1990 Apr
PMID:Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in the guinea pig pineal gland. 233 Oct 60

In muscularis externa of mouse small intestine, cells with ultrastructural features of macrophages were invariably observed in three layers: in the subserosal layer, between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, and in association with the deep circular plexus. These macrophage-like cells (MLC) had a single indented nucleus, perinuclear Golgi complex, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, many pits (coated and uncoated) in the plasma membrane, coated vesicles, light vesicles, and primary lysosomes, but rather few heterogeneous lysosomal vacuoles. MLC were partially enveloped by processes of interstitial cells of Cajal. FITC-dextran used in combined fluorescence stereo microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy was employed as a tracer to study the endocytic qualities of the MLC. The mice were killed 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, 1 day, and 4 days after dextran administration. By fluorescence microscopy after 1 or 4 days MLC were observed as a constant cellular population with a strikingly regular distribution. By electron microscopy dextran-containing vacuoles were conspicuous after 1 h or more. MLC of the subserosal layer and between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers could be distinguished with respect to general appearance, pattern formation, and apparent dextran contents.
Anat Rec 1985 Sep
PMID:Macrophage-like cells in the muscularis externa of mouse small intestine. 241 52

Immature rat Sertoli cells were cultured for 7 to 14 days on Millipore filters impregnated with a reconstituted basement membrane extract in dual-environment (bicameral) culture chambers. Electron microscopy of the cultured cells revealed the presence of rod-shaped mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Sertoli-Sertoli tight junctions, typical of these cells in vivo. The endocytic activity of both the apical and basal surfaces of the Sertoli cells was examined by either adding alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) conjugated to 20 nm gold particles to the apical chamber or by adding 125I labeled alpha 2-M to the basal chamber. During endocytosis from the apical surface of Sertoli cells, the alpha 2-M-gold particles were bound initially to coated pits and then internalized into coated vesicles within 5 minutes. After 10 minutes, the alpha 2-M-gold was found in multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) and by 30 minutes it was present in the lysosomes. The proportion of alpha 2-M-gold found within endocytic cell organelles after 1 hour of uptake was used to estimate the approximate time that this ligand spent in each type of organelle. The alpha 2-M-gold was present in coated pits, coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and lysosomes for approximately 3, 11, 22, and 24 minutes, respectively. This indicates that the initial stages of endocytosis are rapid, whereas MVBs and lysosomes are relatively long-lived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1987 Jul
PMID:Endocytic activity of Sertoli cells grown in bicameral culture chambers. 244 42

Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor (NGF) was assessed on thin sections of plastic-embedded male mouse submandibular glands by electron microscopy. Both control and secretagogue-stimulated glands were examined. NGF was localized in granules of both granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and transition cells. The latter were intermediate in morphology between GCT cells and striated duct cells. Both large and small granules were immunostained in GCT cells; however, considerable variability in immunostaining intensity was observed in both sizes of granules but especially in the small granules of transition cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in both cell types exhibited NGF immunoreactivity. No Golgi-associated immunostaining was observed. Following alpha-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine, NGF-containing granules were sharply reduced because of extensive degranulation. Pools of immunostained secretory material suggested intracellular fusion of NGF-containing granules. Immunostaining was also observed on membrane fragments found within large vacuoles in GCT cells. Evidence of NGF secretion after beta-adrenergic or cholinergic stimulation was less dramatic. In isoproterenol-stimulated GCT cells there was evidence of fusion of small, apical, NGF-stained granules. These cells also possessed heavily immunostained apical membrane blebs. Pilocarpine-stimulated cells exhibited pleomorphic immunostained apical granules but less apical membrane immunostaining. Abundant basal lysosomes appearing in GCT cells after pilocarpine stimulation did not stain for NGF.
Anat Rec 1987 Oct
PMID:Electron microscopic immunostaining of nerve growth factor: secretagogue stimulated submandibular glands. 244 31


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