Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Five selenium compounds, Na2Se04, H2Se04, Na2Se03, H2Se03 and Se02, were tested for their capacity to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human leukocytes and for their reactivity with DNA by a rec-assay system and inactivation of transforming activity in Bacillus subtilis. Chromosome-breaking activity was significantly higher for the compounds with four-valent than with six-valent selenium, the efficiency being in the decreasing order H2S03 greater than Na2Se03 greater than Se02 greater than H2Se04 greater than Na2Se04. Rec assay using B. subtilis with different recombination capacities suggested that damage to DNA was produced by selenites but not by selenates. The reactivity of selenites with DNA was also indicated by a significant loss of transformation of the tryptophan marker of B. subtilis DNA treated with H2Se03 and Se02.
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PMID:Studies on selenium-related compounds. V. Cytogenetic effect and reactivity with DNA. 0 4

The reliability of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity as an indicator of selenium status in livestock is discussed. Based on this measurement, a survey is described of the biological selenium status of sheep on each of 329 farms in Britain. Results showed that 47 per cent of these farms were probably unable to provide grazing livestock with sufficient selenium to maintain blood levels greater than 0.075 microgram per ml. Increased selenium deficiency from the increasing use of home grown feeds as a major constituent of livestock rations may be causally related to the increase of white muscle disease and other selenium responsive diseases in Britain.
Vet Rec 1979 Mar 17
PMID:The biological selenium status of livestock in Britain as indicated by sheep erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. 47 99

Cattle on 18 of 21 farms in north-east Scotland were found to have low whole blood activities of the selenium-containing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (less than 5 units per ml whole blood), and a low blood concentration of selenium (less than 0.05 mg per litre). These cattle had all been fed on locally produced feedstuffs without any mineral supplementation. The low selenium status in cattle occurred on farms with soils derived from a range of parent material, no one particular type predominating.
Vet Rec 1979 Apr 14
PMID:Observations on the selenium status of cattle in the north-east of Scotland. 47 28

Merino wether weaners were exposed to toxic lupin stubbles for periods of one, two and six to nine weeks, and the effect on their liver copper, selenium and zinc concentrations studied. After the one week period there was a slight decrease in liver copper and selenium concentrations in sheep severely affected with lupinosis. This was attributed to loss of these elements from necrotic cells, and greatly increased quantities of fat in the liver. In the same period liver zinc concentrations declined and were negatively correlated with the degree of liver injury. After two weeks or more of exposure to toxic lupins a positive correlation existed between both the liver copper and selenium concentrations, and the degree of liver injury. Furthermore, total liver copper and selenium levels were also positively correlated with the degree of liver injury. Liver zinc concentrations were negatively correlated with the degree of liver injury. It is suggested that when the liver is under the influence of the toxins causing lupinosis for more than two weeks, it stores copper and selenium, and loses zinc.
Vet Rec 1979 Nov 10
PMID:The effect of lupinosis on liver copper, selenium and zinc concentrations in merino sheep. 53 49

A method is described for a simple semi-quantitative spot test for glutathione peroxidase in blood of cattle and sheep. The results can be used to place a group of samples from the same herd or flock into one of three blood selenium categories, ie, deficient, low marginal and marginal/adequate.
Vet Rec 1979 Aug 18
PMID:A semi-quantitative spot test for glutathione peroxidase in blood of cattle and sheep for the assessemt of biological selenium status. 55 49

A syndrome characterised by the birth of lambs with varying degrees of rigidity of the limbs and spine has been encountered on several occasions in Rhodesia. Outbreaks have occurred in autumn-born lambs from Dorper ewes grazing heavily fertilised Star grass cv No 2 (Cynodon aethiopicus) pastures. The condition appears to be exacerbated by the application of sulphur to the pasture and is partly prevented by the administration of selenium and vitamin E to the ewes before lambing. The aetiology is unknown.
Vet Rec 1978 Apr 29
PMID:A rigid lamb syndrome in sheep in Rhodesia. 56 56

A syndrome is described in which parturient dairy cows showed clinical signs consistent with milk fever but failed to respond to conventional therapy. The affected cows were reluctant to walk, moved stiffy and in severe cases became recumbent. The condition was apparently precipitated by low vitaimin E and selenium intake, stress of pregnancy and in one outbreak erratic feeding. Skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration were observed grossly and histologically but an almost full term fetus from an affected cow showed no muscle lesions. A high incidence of retained placentae was also recorded.
Vet Rec 1978 Jul 08
PMID:Nutritional myodegeneration in dairy cows. 68 97

A syndrome on four dairy farms in which calves up to two months of age died suddenly during a period of excitement usually precipitated by feeding was investigated. The description given by owners was that during, or shortly after milk feeding, the calves grunted, fell and died within one minute. Post mortem examinations revealed patchy myocardial pallor but no other lesions or evidence of infectious disease. Histopathological studies revealed peracute myocardial degeneration. Biochemical examinations have shown a selenium deficiency in in-contact calves and since this was corrected, no further cases have occurred. It is suggested that this is an additional manifestation of the selenium deficiency syndrome and that in certain circumstances, a deficiency of available selenium renders cardiac muscle vulnerable to stresses which induce severe peracute damage and leads to cardiac failure and sudden death.
Vet Rec 1978 Sep 09
PMID:Sudden death in calves associated with acute myocardial degeneration and selenium deficiency. 71 69

In an outbreak of a degenerative myopathy six animals from a group of 20 intensively reared yearling bulls were affected. With one exception there was no history of stress or unaccustomed exercise. The diet was found to be deficient in vitamin E and selenium and it is thought that the rapid growth rate of the bulls concurrent with a continuing myodegeneration was sufficient to precipitate clinical disease.
Vet Rec 1977 Feb 05
PMID:Degenerative myopathy in housed yearling bulls. 84 29

An outbreak of acute myopathy occurred in a group of 23 Hereford cross and Aberdeen Angus cross 18-month-old heifers, running outside with a bull in February. One morning two were found recumbent, five were ataxic and one had fallen into a river and drowned. Subsequently two of the ataxic ones became recumbent. Serum creatine phosphokinase values were found to be directly proportional to the severity of the clinical manifestations. Myoglobinuria was not observed. Serum calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate levels were all within the normal ranges. Treatment of affected animals with selenium and/or alpha-tocopherol had no clear effect; from biochemical estimations carried out, the selenium and alpha-tocopherol status of both affected and unaffected animals was considered adequate. Five recovered, two spontaneously without treatment, but the two most severely affected did not improve with therapy and had to be slaughtered 13 and 25 days respectively after the onset of symptoms.
Vet Rec 1977 Apr 09
PMID:Acute myopathy in outwintered cattle. 86 42


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