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Potassium pyroantimonate has been employed in this study to localize calcium in the vascular smooth muscle of the thoracic aorta of the rabbit. The pyroantimonate ion precipitates sodium, magnesium and calcium. Incubation of theisolated thoracic aorta in a high potassium bathing medium which does not contain sodium, magnesium or calcium depletes the tissue of sodium. Addition of 10.8 mM CaC12 to the incubation medium results in well-localized depositions of reaction product, presumably that of calcium pyroantimonate, in mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and at the plasma membrane. Some or all of these organelles may, therefore, play a vital role in the contraction-relaxation cycle of vascular smooth muscle.
Anat Rec 1975 Aug
PMID:Electron microscopic localization of calcium in vascular smooth muscle. 109 76

Calcium-treated cells of E. coli K-12 C600 were transfected with lambda-heteroduplex DNA carrying the marker cIts857 in one strand and wildtype in the other. In single burst analyses of the phage progeny, 72-79% of the bursts were "pure" bursts containing either exclusively wildtype phage or exclusively mutant phage, indicating that conversion of the cIts857/+ mismatch to a homoduplex structure prior to replication occurred with this frequency. The r-strand1 appears to be "preferred", since pure bursts of progeny with the r-strand genotype were almost twice as frequent as those with the l-strand genotype. Examination of the conversion frequency of a number of rec and uvr E. coli mutants showed that the mutants uvr D and UVR E are deficient in mismatch repair. Conversion is reduced in the former by a factor of 2 and in the latter by a factor of 3.
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PMID:Escherichia coli mutants uvr D and uvr E deficient in gene conversion of lambda-heteroduplexes. 110 38

One hundred and eighty-six cases of milk fever in 80 herds spread over five counties were used to compare treatment with 8g calcium plus 500 mg magnesium in aspartate with the conventional 12-36g calcium as borogluconate. The data obtained from both the herds and their individual cases show that the treatments gave broadly similar results, and a single intravenous treatment cured 74-7 per cent of cases. It appeared that milk fever was not likely to recur with each succeeding parturition. No breed susceptibility was recognised. No correlation was found between the severity of the clinical signs and the inorganic phosphate concentrations. An incidence of milk fever of 8-79 per cent was recorded.
Vet Rec 1975 Aug 02
PMID:Clinical and biochemical responses to the treatment of milk fever. 115 31

Most marsupials and some placental mammals possess enamel characterized by the presence of tubules, and the cellular origin of these structures has been the subject of a number of previous studies (See, for example, Lester, 1970; Azevedo and Goldberg, 1987). In the present report, tooth germs of the American opossum were examined to determine the structure and composition of enamel tubules during development and to analyze the enamel matrix relative to that of placental mammals with atubular enamel. For this purpose, tissues prepared by aqueous (decalcified and undecalcified) and anhydrous (undecalcified) methods were investigated by conventional transmission (TEM) and high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM), as well as by electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Results indicate that most enamel tubules in the opossum begin as cytoplasmic remnants of Tomes' processes of ameloblasts. During development of the matrix, some of the tubules do not appear to be continuous throughout the prismatic layer. Sulfur is detectable around the lumen of the tubule in decalcified sections by EPMA and in and around the tubule by ESI. Calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratios of the mineralizing matrix are generally higher than those found in enamel of other mammals and appear to decrease rather than increase with enamel maturation. The summary of data indicates the presence of sulfated glycoproteins or proteoglycans in this tissue, specifically around enamel tubules. Calcium and phosphorus are also present within the tubules, with the sulfated groups possibly binding calcium to prevent mineralization of the enamel tubules themselves.
Anat Rec 1992 Sep
PMID:Tubule formation and elemental detection in developing opossum enamel. 132 77

Findings are presented on the precision of a clinical biochemistry analyser designed specifically for veterinary use. Twenty biochemical analytes have been examined in detail for variation within and between runs. The results indicate that the analyser can provide high precision for all the analytes with the possible exception of calcium, and suggest that the instrument can be used with confidence in the practice laboratory to aid diagnosis and to monitor biochemical changes in animals receiving treatment.
Vet Rec 1992 May 09
PMID:Consistency of results from the Vettest 8008 clinical biochemistry analyser. 160 76

This paper reports adsorptive endocytosis of exogenous proteins by the trophotaenial absorptive cells (TACs) in the viviparous goodeid teleost, Ameca splendens. In vitro incubations were performed with gold conjugated to bovine serum albumin (Au-BSA), human transferrin (Au-HTf), fetuin (Au-Fet), and asialofetuin (Au-ASFet). Localization of gold label on the TAC surface was nearly exclusive to patches of an amorphous coat associated with part of the intermicrovillous plasma membrane. On addition of excess BSA, HTf, Fet, or ASFet to incubation media containing, respectively, Au-BSA, Au-HTf, Au-Fet, or Au-ASFet, the density of gold particles adsorbed on the TAC surface decreased drastically. Moreover, attachment of the four protein-gold complexes to the same plasma membrane sites was suggested by reciprocal inhibitory effects. Further proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c were as well potent inhibitors of Au-BSA and Au-HTf binding and uptake. Binding of TACs of native BSA or HTf was visualized by immunogold labeling. The interactions between proteins and binding sites required both the presence of Ca2+ and appropriate pH greater than 6.6. Analyses of the concentration-dependent BSA and HTf binding curves, plotted from morphometric data, resulted in apparent dissociation constants, Kds, of approximately 5 x 10(-7) M and 4 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Following binding at the TAC surface and internalization via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles the several ligands were routed along the lysosomal pathway with transit through the endosomal compartment. Prolonged incubation periods led to massive intracellular accumulation of tracer proteins. The effects of NH4Cl (10 mM) treatment on TACs included enormous cytoplasmic vacuolation, a reversible loss of protein binding sites on the plasma membrane, and a block in the transport of protein-gold complexes to lysosomes.
Anat Rec 1992 Jul
PMID:Protein-gold transport in the endocytic complex of trophotaenial absorptive cells in the embryos of a goodeid teleost. 160 71

The origin of the driving forces for neural tube formation remains uncertain but is currently thought to involve the participation of microfilament bundles situated in the apical ends of neuroepithelial cells. In the work presented here, we show how morphometric measurements that map local variations in the apical geometry of neuroepithelial cells (especially apical constriction) can provide information on the distribution of motive forces within the neuroepithelium during neural tube formation. When used in combination with computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstruction, it becomes possible to analyze the morphometric data from a dynamic, three-dimensional perspective. As an example application of this method, we have used morphometry to evaluate the effects of ionomycin on the developing neuroepithelium. Treatment of early (stages 6-8) chick embryos with 5 microM ionomycin was found to cause rapid bending of the neuroepithelium within 1 min of exposure and a dramatic acceleration of the normal sequence of neural tube formation. Electron microscopy and morphometry revealed that this acceleration was coincident with a marked increase in the local degree of apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells, presumably a consequence of enhanced contractile activity of apical microfilament bundles. This work shows that transient elevation of free calcium levels can accelerate the usual sequential phases of NT formation. The rapidity of the response (hours of normal development reduced to minutes), increased prominence of apical microfilament bundles, and the enhanced degree of apical constriction strongly support a direct causal role for apical microfilament bundles and apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells in bending of the neuroepithelium.
Anat Rec 1991 Dec
PMID:A morphometric and computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction study of neural tube formation in chick embryos. 179 73

Calbindin-D 28 kDa (CaBP 28 kDa), a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, has been associated with calcium handling by cells. We have investigated the expression of this protein in the rat incisor enamel organ, an epithelium interposed between a mineralizing matrix and connective tissue rich in blood vessels, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), Western blotting, and quantitative protein A-gold immunocytochemistry with antibodies to rat kidney CaBP 28 kDa. RIA of cytosolic extracts showed that enamel organs contained relatively high concentrations of CaBP 28 kDa (compared to kidney; see review by Christakos S., C. Gabrielides, and W.B. Rhoten 1989 Endocr. Rev., 10:3-25). Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from enamel organ strips revealed an intensely-stained band near 28 kDa throughout amelogenesis following ameloblast differentiation. Immunocytochemically, CaBP 28 kDa was localized exclusively within ameloblasts. The density of labelling increased from the presecretory stage to the secretory stage and fluctuated across the maturation stage in relation to ameloblast modulation. Ruffle-ended ameloblasts consistently showed the most intense immunoreaction. Gold particles were present throughout the cytoplasm and nuclei of ameloblasts but regions rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum or cell webs showed a higher immunolabelling. Some gold particles were also associated with the external face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Multivesicular bodies in maturation stage ameloblasts were occasionally immunoreactive. These data suggest that the intracellular concentration of CaBP 28 kDa is regulated throughout amelogenesis reflecting a stage-specific control of calcium homeostasis in ameloblasts.
Anat Rec 1991 Jun
PMID:Differential expression of calbindin-D 28 kDa in rat incisor ameloblasts throughout enamel development. 186 92

The distribution of Calmodulin was examined during spermiogenesis and sperm epididymal maturation in rabbit, hamster, mouse, rat, monkey, and human. An affinity-purified antibody to Calmodulin was used to characterize this protein in sperm extracts by immunoblot analysis. Post-embedding immunogold procedures were used to localize Calmodulin at the ultrastructural level. The pattern of Calmodulin distribution was similar in the six species studied. A diffuse labeling was observed in round spermatids. Gold particles accumulated first in the subacrosomal layer of elongating spermatids. The perinuclear ring was also labeled. During the maturation phase of spermatids, Calmodulin labeling extended to the postacrosomal sheath. Dramatic changes occurred at spermiation so that in testicular sperm Calmodulin immunostaining was predominant in the postacrosomal sheath. Some labeling was still detected in restricted areas of the subacrosomal layer. This feature varied from species to species. Calmodulin location did not change during sperm epididymal maturation. A role for Calmodulin in the control of manchette development and regulation of subacrosomal actin aggregation state during spermiogenesis is proposed. The unique location of Calmodulin in the postacrosomal sheath of all species that have been studied in this work, together with the known presence of calcium in this area suggest a pivotal role for Calmodulin in sperm-egg fusion process.
Anat Rec 1991 Aug
PMID:Localization of calmodulin in perinuclear structures of spermatids and spermatozoa: a comparison of six mammalian species. 192 53

The clinical signs and changes in blood and rumen fluid, and the results of therapy are described in 35 cows suffering from bleeding abomasal ulcer. The most important pathological findings were moderate to severe anaemia with pale mucous membranes and tachycardia, dark coloured to black faeces, a disturbed general condition and anorexia. Two of the cows were slaughtered immediately. The others were treated by the transfusion of several litres of blood and the intravenous administration of a solution containing sodium chloride and glucose and other drugs such as calcium solution, vitamin K, vitamin C and metoclopramide. Two animals died in spite of the treatment and three had to be slaughtered because of the deterioration in their condition. The other 28 cows recovered within a few days and their general condition, appetite and defecation returned to normal.
Vet Rec 1991 Sep 28
PMID:Bleeding abomasal ulcers in dairy cows. 196 99


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