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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The DNA-damaging activities of organic rubber additives such as rubber vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators and rubber anti-oxidants were investigated by the rec-assay using spores of Bacillus subtilis strains H 17 and M 45. For metabolic activation, 9,000 X g supernatant solutions of the liver homogenate of Sprague-Dawley male rats previously treated with aroclor 1,254 were used. Spore rec-assays were carried out at the dose of 1 mg/disk, and the ratio of inhibition zones for M 45 to that for H 17 was calculated. Samples showing a ratio of more than 1.2 were judged positive. In order to know the DNA-damaging capacity of positive samples, the dose-response curves were prepared by carrying out the assays at various doses, and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for H 17 and M 45 was obtained from these curves by extrapolation. Then indices of DNA damagenicity were calculated through division of the MIC obtained with H 17 by that with M 45. The 0.005 micrograms/disk of mitomycin C and at 4 micrograms/disk of Trp-P1 were used as positive control, and the 50 micrograms/disk of kanamycin as negative control. The results obtained are as follows: Among 20 tested samples, p-quinone dioxime, bis-morpholine disulfide used as rubber vulcanizing agents and hexamethylenetetramine, zinc butylxanthate used as vulcanization accelerators gave positive results. It was considered that the action of hexamethylenetetramine against DNA was due to the electrophilic state of this material. Furthermore, we supposed that DNA-damaging activity of p-quinone dioxime was concerned with free hydroxyl groups of this compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Mutagenicity of organic rubber additives]. 643 72

Clinical signs and haematological findings during the acute and convalescent phases of an infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were studied under field conditions. The study was carried out in 139 cattle less than 16 months of age in 16 herds with serologically proven bovine RSV infections. Blood was collected for serological and haematological examination. Repeated clinical examinations were carried out until 35 days after appearance of disease. Signs of general disease such as reduced appetite and a body temperature of 40 degrees C or higher lasted less than three days in most cases. Signs of upper respiratory disease, such as coughing, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis were predominant and persisted in 10 to 30 per cent of the animals till the end of the observation period. Signs of lower respiratory disease such as abdominal breathing, bronchial and bronchovesicular sounds on auscultation and a high respiration rate were valuable in diagnosing the disease. These symptoms were present in about 50 per cent of the animals in the early stages of the disease. They lasted for about six days and disappeared in most animals after about 10 days. On haematological examination statistically significant blood changes were observed. A rise in zinc and iron between day 0 and day 10 and a reduction in copper content between day 10 and day 21 were found.
Vet Rec 1984 Jan 07
PMID:Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in young dairy cattle: clinical and haematological findings. 670 77

Alloxan is known to induce diabetic renal changes as well as causing nephrotoxic alterations. However, no ultrastructural study has been performed to differentiate diabetic verses toxic affects of alloxan to the tubule and/or glomerulus. Therefore the present study used the "protected" kidney model to prevent one kidney from being exposed to the alloxan while allowing the other to receive the drug immediately. In all experimental animals the right renal hilum was gently occluded for 5 minutes and then released. This was performed prior to the injection of alloxan. Subsequently, the left renal hilum was occluded at the time of, and for 5 minutes after, alloxan administration (40 mg/kg i.v.). The experimental rats were divided into three groups: untreated diabetics, diabetics treated with protamine-zinc-insulin, and alloxan-treated rats that failed to become diabetic. Three groups of controls were included: one group received an equal volume of saline diluent as the experimental rats but no clamping of either renal hilum; another group received the saline and had the left renal hilum occluded for 5 minutes; and a third group had both the right and left renal hila occluded. All animals were followed and sacrificed after 9 weeks. Endogenous creatinine clearance did not change among groups. Alloxan-treated nondiabetic rats displayed marked interstitial nephritis in unprotected kidneys, while protected kidneys were normal. The diabetic state resulted in mesangial proliferation and focal glomerular basement membrane thickening as well as glomerular capillary endothelial abnormalities and visceral epithelial foot-process fusion. The endothelial changes consisted of focal areas showing a reduction in the size of endothelial fenestrae. All glomerular changes were ameliorated by insulin treatment. We conclude: 1) alloxan per se is distinctly nephrotoxic; and 2) the glomerular endothelium and epithelium are involved early in the course of experimental diabetes.
Anat Rec 1984 Jan
PMID:The effect of alloxan, and alloxan-induced diabetes on the kidney. 671 36

Various systems of early post natal management of the newborn calf were examined to determine which would consistently achieve high serum concentrations of maternally derived immunoglobulins, and to examine the factors which might influence this transfer. Early assisted sucking of colostrum to satiation produced consistently high serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins with a mean of 27.17 +/- 8.92 zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units for 100 calves. No significant increase in the serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins occurred when calves, which had been assisted to suck immediately after birth, were permitted to remain with their dams and encouraged to suck again at 12 hours (29.20 +/- 9.40 ZST units). Despite early assisted sucking, a small proportion of calves may remain hypogammaglobulinaemic because of the low concentration of immunoglobulins in their dams' colostrum; leakage of colostrum from the udder before calving was the major cause of these low immunoglobulin concentrations. A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between the colostral immunoglobulin concentrations and the passively acquired serum immunoglobulin concentrations of the calves. With this intensive system of early assisted sucking the breed of the calf did not significantly influence the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins.
Vet Rec 1984 Feb 18
PMID:Maximising the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in the newborn dairy calf. 673 Feb 75

The effects of whole blood transfusion (trial 1), balanced fluid replacement therapy (trial 2) and fluids plus antibiotics (trial 3) on spontaneously occurring neonatal calf diarrhoea were studied under controlled experimental situations using calves of known immunological status as determined by their zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) levels. Market Ayrshire or Ayrshire cross Friesian calves were chosen with ZST values between 5 and 15 units. Significant differences were not found in survival, weight gains or days of diarrhoea between treatment and control groups in any of the three trials. In the control groups of trials 2 and 3 ZST units were significantly higher in survivors than in those calves that died. The experimental design used provided a controlled and practical method of testing various treatment programmes with calves of known immunoglobulin levels. The different therapies and the importance of defining the immune status of experimental animals are discussed.
Vet Rec 1980 Sep 13
PMID:Controlled studies of various treatments for neonatal calf diarrhoea in calves of known immunoglobulin levels. 702 Feb 27

Copper toxicity occurred in North Ronaldsay sheep fed on a diet of terrestrial herbage relatively high in molybdenum. Five sheep were taken from the island of North Ronaldsay, Orkney to the veterinary investigation centre at Thurso and fed solely on the herbage of the laboratory paddocks, supplemented in winter by hay made from these paddocks. The level of copper, molybdenum, zinc and total sulphur in the terrestrial herbage was analysed, together with the seaweeds which form the major part of the diet on North Ronaldsay. Serum copper, vitamin B12 and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were obtained. Four of the five sheep died on this diet of terrestrial herbage and had liver copper levels of 1379, 1723, 2279 and 2281 mg/kg. The susceptibility of the North Ronaldsay breed of Orkney sheep to copper poisoning when first introduced to a diet of purely terrestrial herbage is demonstrated by the high liver copper levels of the four dead sheep compared to the normal serum copper levels and unimpaired health of two other breeds of sheep and a north country Cheviot cross North Ronaldsay ram.
Vet Rec 1982 Sep 25
PMID:Copper poisoning in sheep from North Ronaldsay maintained on a diet of terrestrial herbage. 714 42

A four year study of bovine neonatal mortality on 34 dairy farms and an agricultural institute's calf unit showed that 280 (3.2 per cent) of 8752 calves died mainly from diarrhoea and, or , septicaemia. The relationship between management methods and mortality rates were studied at the calf unit. When infection rates were kept low by good standards of hygiene and an adequate quantity of colostrum was fed immediately post partum, morbidity and mortality rates were 8.3 per cent and 1.2 per cent respectively, compared with 36 per cent and 4.1 per cent when hygiene was poor and colostrum was withheld until six hours post partum. Ninety-five sick calves were given either glucose-glycine electrolyte solution orally (41 calves) or the electrolyte solution in combination with an antibacterial agent (54 calves) to compare the efficacy of these treatments. Recovery rates, duration of illness and live-weight gains showed no significant difference between the treatments. Mean serum immunoglobulin levels (zinc sulphate turbidity test) of calves at 30 hours old were poor indicators of the future health status of any individual calf. Results indicated that good management with emphasis on hygiene and early feeding of colostrum reduced losses due to neonatal diarrhoea and septicaemia from 4 per cent to 1.2 per cent.
Vet Rec 1981 May 23
PMID:Control of bovine neonatal diarrhoea by management techniques. 729 17

There is little information regarding the relationship between aging and ensuing morphological changes in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the masticatory muscle. The masseter of C57BL/6J male mice at three different ages (young adult, 6 months; mature adult, 12 months; and old, 30 months) was studied. Morphological measurements were taken from zinc iodide osmium stained NMJ. Camera lucida drawings were superimposed on a computer monitor via a video camera and traced using a digitizer. The data were treated statistically using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). No difference was found between 6 and 12 months of age, but a significant decrease in morphological parameters in NMJ from 30-month-old animals was found when compared with mature adult animals. Nerve terminal areas, perimeters, longitudinal extent lengths, and fiber diameters were reduced by 24%, 21%, 15.5% and 23%, respectively. Nerve terminal branches and incidence of sprouts were significantly increased in older animals. Age changes in the NMJ morphology are probably associated with altered balance between degeneration and regeneration of nerve terminals. This view is supported by increased terminal sprouting in old mice which is indicative of the plasticity or remodelling of NMJ during aging.
Anat Rec 1993 Oct
PMID:Age changes in neuromuscular junctions of masseter muscle. 769 25

Market-purchased, week-old, dairy bred calves entering a commercial calf-rearing unit were blood sampled at six-week intervals until three months old. Viral infections were monitored by ELISA for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The immunoperoxidase test was used to detect BVDV in serum. The total immunoglobulin concentration in the initial blood sample was measured by the zinc sulphate turbidity test. The relationship between clinical respiratory disease, viral seroconversion and the initial concentration of serum immunoglobulin was investigated by the use of the relative risk statistic, Fisher's exact test, chi 2 techniques and the correlation coefficient. Treatment rates for respiratory disease of 45 per cent were observed during the first period of the study and 19 per cent during the second period. During the first period there was a significant positive association between clinical respiratory disease and seroconversion for all the viruses except parainfluenzavirus-3 and BVDV but in the second period there was no such relationship. Similarly, in the first period, but not in the second, there was a significant negative association between clinical respiratory disease and both antiviral immunoglobulin as measured by ELISA and total immunoglobulin as measured by the zinc sulphate turbidity test. Two of the 536 calves that survived to three months of age were found to be persistently infected with BVDV.
Vet Rec 1993 Jul 24
PMID:Associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves. 821 94

Faecal samples from a group of lambs at pasture were screened at weekly intervals for nine weeks for the presence of Giardia species using a modified zinc sulphate flotation method. Fifty-nine of 86 lambs (68.6 per cent) excreted giardia cysts on one or more occasions. They were first detected at approximately three weeks of age and the highest incidence of excretion of cysts occurred when the lambs reached a mean age of 37 days. The lambs had diarrhoea but it was attributed to the presence of Eimeria ovinoidalis.
Vet Rec 1993 Aug 07
PMID:Giardiasis in lambs at pasture. 823 88


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