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A procedure for differential staining of decalcified bone with silver nitrate showed major histological features which appeared to correspond closely to microradiographic images. The extent to which this is actually the case was investigated directly by preparing microradiographs of ground sections of baboon and dog radii and then decalcifying and staining the same sections. The many detailed similarities indicate that this staining procedure is a useful adjunct to microradiography. Thus, poorly mineralized osteons or layers of circumferential lamellae are darker stained by silver nitrate, and the variably mineralized layers of circumferential lamellae are closely duplicated by light and dark bands in the stained sections. These similarities imply that there is a relationship between the mineral density of bone and some condition of the organic matrix which is probably related to maturation changes in the collagen.
Anat Rec 1975 Jun
PMID:Correspondence of silver nitrate staining patterns in decalcified bone withe the microradiographic image. 5 Jul 53

Reticular and collagenous fibers stain differently when subjected to ammoniacal silver reduction. A variety of tissues were subjected to such a "reticulin" technique and the association of reaction product with intercellular connective tissue elements was studied with the electron microscope. The reaction with reticular fibers was primarily associated with the interfibrillar matrix, and was globular in form having a wide variety of particle sizes. Conversely, in dermal collagen the unit fibrils were stained rather than the interfibrillar matrix. The precipitate was punctate in form and was associated with the cross striations of unit collagen fibrils. Large microfibrils also reacted positively with the stain, imparting a faint periodicity. Basement membranes were stained uniquely. The underlying plasmalemma and the lamina densa were heavily stained with silver while the lamina lucida was relatively unstained. The unit fibrils of the lamina reticularis stained in the same manner as dermal unit collagen while the ground substance remained unstained. This represents a clear distinction between the argentophilic characteristics of collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and basement membranes.
Anat Rec 1977 Feb
PMID:Ultrastructural distinction between reticular and collagenous fibers with an ammoniacal silver stain. 6 85

The Fink-Heimer silver impregnation and the autoradiographic methods were used to study the fiber projections of the cingulate cortex in the squirrel monkey. It was found that this cortex provides inputs to the straitum, thalamus and several areas of isocortex. Evidence was found for a number of fiber projections (1) Fibers from the anterior limbic area were traced to the central part of the head of the caudate nucleus, putamen, septum, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, anterior hypothalamus and lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala. (2) Projections from the cingulate area were traced to the lateral part of the head of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and to the centromedian, anterior, lateral dorsal, and lateral ventral thalamic nuclei and to medial nuclei of the base of the pons. (3) There were porjections from the retrosplenial area of the anterior, lateral dorsal, dorsomedial, and posterior thalamic nuclei and lateral nuclei of the pons. These results indicate that most of the cingulate gyrus is an intermediate structure between the thalamus and overlying cortex. The anterior limbic area forms a bridge between the thalamus and other areas of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal cortex. (4) the retrosplenial area and the posterior part of the cingulate area bridge the adjacent visual snesory association cortex and pelvic areas of the snesory motor cortex, respectively. These areas of the cingulate gyrus project directly to the striatum as well as to the thalamus, structurally providing limbic system input to subcortical motor structures.
Anat Rec 1978 Apr
PMID:The cingulate bridge between allocortex, isocortex and thalamus. 7 52

Epithelial cells of the several subtypes that comprise the small-granule cell population of the respiratory system are little studied, partly because adequate silver, monoamine fluorescence and other specific light microscopical preparations have been more difficult to obtain than in the gut and other organs possessing diffuse endocrine systems. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) in combination with MacConaill-Solcia's lead hematoxylin has in our hands proven dependable for routine staining of serial 2-micrometer glycol methacrylate sections used in mapping the distributions of these cells along the airway. In lungs of mice, hamsters, kittens, and fetal rabbits, typical small-granule cells stain weakly or not at all with lead hematoxylin alone, hence are easily overlooked. PAS adds to the cytoplasm a diffuse magenta coloration; and because it is diastase-resistant, less brilliant than that of mucus but more so than bronchiolar cell secretions, and finer textured than lysosomal staining of other cells present, the effect is to highlight small-granule cells whether solitary or in clusters. Additional PAS staining of basement membranes and lead hematoxylin staining of cilia enhance the combined stain's resolving power. In thyroid gland, parafollicular cells stand out boldly against follicular elements; in small intestine, hematoxylin-positive endocrine cells are well differentiated from absorptive, mucous, and Paneth cells that surround them. Using a complementary monoamine fluorescence technique on plastic sections of lungs from control and 5-hydroxytryptophan-pretreated animals prior to staining, we can show that fluorescent epithelial cells are identical with those stained by PAS-lead hematoxylin.
Anat Rec 1978 Oct
PMID:PAS-lead hematoxylin as a stain for small-granule endocrine cell populations in the lungs, other pharyngeal derivatives and the gut. 8 11

Epiphyseal growth plate chondrocyte nuclei of growing rats were studied for histone content using the ammoniacal silver technique. This stain, which is specific for the demonstration of the arginine-rich fractions of histones, revealed that growth plate nuclei vary in their histone content. Nuclei of cells of the proliferating zone revealed a significantly greater amount of postformalin ammoniacal silver deposit consistent with the presence of arginine-rich histones.
Anat Rec 1979 Sep
PMID:Ultrastructural localization of histones in epiphyseal chondrocytes. 9 33

Muscle spindles were sought in peri-auricular muscles of several primate species (rhesus monkey, woolly monkey, and baboon). Transverse sections cut at 10 mu and stained primarily by a silver impregnation technique were examined using light microscopy. Spindles were identified on the basis of standard criteria. Posterior and/or superior auricular muscles of each species were found to contain spindles. At least some muscles innervated by facial nerve have classical spindles as component structures.
Anat Rec 1977 Nov
PMID:Muscle spindles in nonhuman primate extrinsic auricular muscles. 14 46

3H-concanavalin A and the concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase staining technique were used to study the distribution of surface coat material on the epithelium of the nasal folds and nasal groove of mouse embryos. In stages shortly before and during epithelial fusion concanavalan A stained or labeled material was present at apical surfaces of epithelial cells of the nasal groove and nasal folds. Silver grains, representing bound 3H-concanavalin A, were counted in defined areas of the nasal groove and presumptive fusion area in both anterior and posterior regions of the nasal folds. For both stages examined there was a significant increase in the amount of 3H-concanavalin A bound by presumptive fusion areas in posterior regions of the nasal folds as compared with anterior regions; i.e., the atact between the nasal folds. This finding is consistent with results from investigations of palatal shelf and neural fold fusion which suggest that increased synthesis of surface coat material is associated with adhesion and fusion of epithelial folds and shelves.
Anat Rec 1979 Feb
PMID:Distribution of surface coat material on nasal folds of mouse embryos as demonstrated by concanavalin A binding. 42 93

Previous studies in chick embryos (Goldberg, '77) indicated that unidirectional guidance of retinal axons toward the optic nerve is restricted to the vitread portion of the ganglion cell fiber layer (GCFL) of the retina; random fiber growth was noted after deflection of the optic axons sclerad to the GCFL. The present study on mice confirms these observations. Silver-stained flat mounts of retinal colobomas were examined. Many optic axons in colobomas do not exit normally from the eye, but travel randomly when deflected sclerad to the GCFL. Newborn mouse axons grew around retinal lesions in a highly directed manner. Such axons were always situated in the vitread portion of the GCFL. The unidirectional guidance found in newborn mice was absent in adults. Deflected adult axons traveled randomly regardless of their level within the GCFL. We propose that defective guidance largely accounts for failure of axonal regeneration in the adult mouse retina. The inability of the adult axons to fasciculate (adhere to one another and form fiber bundles) suggests that impaired cellular adhesivity may be part of the mechanism of regenerative failure.
Anat Rec 1979 Apr
PMID:The guidance of optic axons in the developing and adult mouse retina. 42 5

A cylinder of gelatin containing silver spongy granules was placed in and lay within the masseter muscle, the periosteum, and the mandible, and terminated in the medial pterygoid muscle of young (3 month-old) growing miniature pigs. On the basis of an animal sacrificed one week after placement of the cylinder, it was found that the suspending gelatin was removed by cellular activity. Nine months later the remaining animals were sacrificed. Periodic X-rays were taken during the course of the experiment. After sacrifice, the mandible and associated tissues were histologically examined. The results of this study suggest that the silver granules in the muscles maintained their location during growth; the silver granules in the mandible moved forward with mandibular growth. "Slippage" appeared to occur external to the fibrous layer of the periosteum; the site of movement was revealed by the trail of the silver granules. The described method should prove of value in studying the growth interrelationships between bone, periosteum, and muscle.
Anat Rec 1979 Aug
PMID:"Silver dust"--a tool to study growth interrelationships between bone, periosteum and muscle. 47 15

The innervation of the glomerular arterioles was investigated by light and electron microscopy autoradiography for localization of exogenous tritiated norepinephrine. By light microscopy accumulations of grains were seen associated with afferent arterioles and in lesser numbers with efferent arterioles and neighboring tubules. Accumulations of grains were noted to be in contact with juxtaglomerular granular cells. Electron microscopy autoradiography revealed that nearly two-thirds of the silver grains were on axons. Most of the label was on varicosities packed with small, clear and dense-cored, vesicles. Most varicosities, including those in contact with smooth muscle, juxtaglomerular granular or tubular cells, were labeled. Some varicosities which appeared unlabeled in a given section were labeled in subsequent sections. These findings are consistent with the notion that the glomerular arterioles are innervated mainly by adrenergic nerves. This view is supported by the previously reported observations of the concomitant virtual disappearance of fluorescent and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves from the region of the glomerular arterioles after two injections of six-hydroxydoapmine (a drug which selectively destroys adrenergic nerves) and the presence of small dense-cored vesicles in all axons of the juxtaglomerular region when examined by serial section electron microscopy.
Anat Rec 1979 Nov
PMID:Localization of tritiated norepinephrine in the renal arteriolar nerves. 50 6


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