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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data are presented on the effects of a short-term progesterone treatment for oestrous cycle control in cattle. Progesterone was administered by intravaginal sponge pessaries inserted for a 10-day period. Progesterone pessaries alone did not affect oestrous cycle length or corpus luteum function at either early (day 2) or midluteal (day 12) cycle stages. However, when progesterone (250 mg) and oestradiol benzoate (7-5 mg) were given intramuscularly on the day of pessary insertion corpus luteum development was inhibited in animals treated at day 2 and was regressed in animals at day 12. This combined oestrogen-progesterone treatment efficiently controlled oestrous cycle length.
Vet Rec 1977 Jul 02
PMID:The effects of progesterone and oestrogen treatment in heifers on oestrous cycle control and plasma progesterone levels. 56 Jul 45

Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma and in milk were determined by competitive protein-binding assay each day throughout the oestrous cycle of heifers and a dairy cow and also in animals after insemination. The accuracy of detecting and forecasting pregnancy and non-pregnancy was assessed in studies involving blood-sampling of heifers on the 20th and 23rd day after artificial insemination, and milk sampling of cows on the 21st and 24th day after mating. The high degree of accuracy obtained using this procedure for an early pregnancy diagnosis would be particularly useful in herds involved in a controlled breeding programme.
Vet Rec 1975 Jan 11
PMID:Early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. 111 32

This study investigates the interaction of hormones and the cytoskeleton within the apical cytoplasm of uterine epithelial cells of the rat. The effects of the hormones estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on the microfilament configuration were studied using myosin subfragment 1 (S1) decoration of actin microfilaments (MF) and transmission electron microscopy. In control ovariectomized animals, a sparse MF distribution was found in the apical cytoplasm underlying short microvilli with S1-decorated core MF. Hormone treatment experiments consisted of injecting ovariectomized rats with either progesterone or estradiol-17 beta. For the study of the MF configuration accompanying an apical surface primed for blastocyst receptivity, progesterone treatment was immediately followed by a single dose of estradiol-17 beta. The long, regular microvilli associated with estradiol only treatment contained bundled, decorated MF with tightly bundled rootlets. Progesterone alone produced numerous short microvilli with decorated core bundle MF and pronounced rootlets that frequently appeared splayed. The irregular microvilli and luminal surface of the uterine epithelial cells associated with the receptivity hormone sequence contained variable MF configurations, including MF bundles, networks, and areas with a "felted" appearance. The results show that the various hormone regimes produce characteristically different MF configurations and that this component of the cytoskeleton appears to be under the control of a delicate hormone balance within these uterine cells. The responses of uterine MF to specific regimes of steroid hormones used in this study are not only important for the understanding of the mechanisms at work during early pregnancy, but also contribute to the body of knowledge concerning the ways in which hormones in general effect the cytoskeleton of target cells.
Anat Rec 1992 Aug
PMID:Changes in the apical microfilaments of rat uterine epithelial cells in response to estradiol and progesterone. 162 11

Ovarian function was assessed from milk progesterone profiles in 236 cows that were presented for clinical examination after parturition and in 227 unexamined herdmates. By 30 days after calving, 81 per cent of the cows had ovulated and by 42 days 92 per cent had resumed cycling. On average milk samples were taken for 155 days, and during this period 67 luteal cysts or cystic corpora lutea and 24 follicular cysts were recorded, and 88 cows were anoestrus for more than 30 days. Luteal cysts, follicular cysts and prolonged anoestrus all occurred twice as frequently in the cows which were clinically examined as in those which were not examined. Progesterone profiles indicated that at the time of clinical examination 72.4 per cent of the cows examined were cycling normally, 11.3 per cent were anoestrus, 6.7 per cent had follicular cysts, 8.0 per cent had luteal cysts and 1.6 per cent were pregnant. Rectal palpation correctly identified ovarian function in only 63.5 per cent of examinations, with 29.8 per cent of cows that were cycling normally, 58.1 per cent that were anoestrus, 70.3 per cent with follicular cysts and 25 per cent with luteal cysts being incorrectly diagnosed. Progesterone profiles confirmed normal oestrous cyclicity in 81.9 per cent of these cows diagnosed as cycling normally by the clinician. The clinical treatments administered included prostaglandin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), progesterone (PRID) and the physical expression of ovarian structures. Cows diagnosed as cycling normally were left untreated. At the time of treatment, 28.8 per cent of prostaglandin-treated cows had low progesterone concentrations indicating that no luteal tissue was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1991 Feb 09
PMID:Incidence of ovarian dysfunction in post partum dairy cows and the effectiveness of its clinical diagnosis and treatment. 203 14

Electrolytes, metabolites, cortisol and reproductive hormones were measured in maternal plasma taken at least twice daily from three cases of bovine hydrops before, during and after parturition induced by dexamethasone or prostaglandin. Caesarean operations were required for two of the cases. Maternal plasma electrolytes remained within the normal range, but average potassium and creatinine concentrations were higher (9.2 and 0.68 mmol/litre, respectively) than normal (4.7 and 0.42 mmol/litre) in samples of amniotic fluid obtained at calving. Sodium (100 mmol/litre) and chloride (67 mmol/litre) in allantoic fluid were also higher than normal (53 and 20 mmol/litre, respectively). Conversely, creatinine concentrations were lower than normal in allantoic fluid (2.2 vs 13.8 mmol/litre). Oestradiol concentrations were lower than normal in maternal plasma (ranges: less than 20 to 140 pg/ml vs 30 to 440 pg/ml); maximum prostaglandin F metabolite (PGFM) concentrations were slightly elevated (ranges 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml vs 0.4 to 0.9 ng/ml). Progesterone and cortisol concentrations remained within the normal range; the latter hormone increased markedly in parallel with raised PGFM concentrations. In two cases, the concentrations of reproductive hormones tended to be lower in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic fluid. For example, progesterone concentrations were 42.8 and 14.9 ng/ml in the amniotic fluids vs 64.2 and 29.8 ng/ml in the allantoic fluids of the two cows; PGFM concentrations were 27.7 and 4.3 ng/ml vs 34.6 and 5.0 ng/ml, and oestradiol concentrations were 1.5 and 3.5 ng/ml vs 1.1 and 6.4 ng/ml in the two fluids, respectively.
Vet Rec 1989 Feb 18
PMID:Electrolytes and reproductive hormone concentrations in maternal plasma and fetal fluids of dairy cows with hydrops. 292 11

A functional dependency between the nongravid uterus and the ovaries is essential to luteolysis and the return to estrus in the pig. After mating of gilts, the corpora lutea develop, and they are required for the maintenance of pregnancy to a normal duration of about 114 days. Hysterectomy of luteal phase (day 6) nongravid gilts results in persistence of the corpora lutea to 150 days. We report that these corpora secrete greater quantities (P less than 0.025) of progesterone than during the later half of gestation (days 54-108). Although aging corpora lutea remain functional for at least an additional 35 days, an abrupt reduction by half in progesterone secretion (16 ng/ml) occurs about day 114 in hysterectomized gilts that coincides with the prepartum decrease to basal serum levels (less than 0.5 ng/ml) at parturition (day 114) and during lactation. Aging corpora lutea remain large (averaging greater than 450 mg) on days 124 and 136 in hysterectomized gilts, whereas they regress (averaging less than 75 mg) in the lactating dams. Mitochondria continue to increase in size in aging corpora lutea of hysterectomized gilts until day 136; in contrast, they decrease during the postpartum period in lactating dams. A precisely timed signal, possibly of ovarian origin or from the CNS and pituitary gland, entrains in hysterectomized and pregnant pigs at day 113 that results in marked shifts in relaxin and progesterone secretion. Progesterone secretion and mitochondrial features suggest that porcine corpora lutea seem genetically controlled and are preprogrammed at estrus for the duration of pregnancy, regardless of the presence of conceptuses or absence of the uterus.
Anat Rec 1989 Mar
PMID:Progesterone secretion and mitochondrial size of aging porcine corpora lutea. 292 76

Cows with chronic endometritis were treated by using uterine irrigation, prostaglandin or oestradiol benzoate. An attempt was made to relate the success of treatment to the nature of the discharge. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the different treatments, nor did the severity of the disease as judged by the amount of pus in the discharge affect the success of treatment. Progesterone and in some cases a metabolite of prostaglandin were measured in a milk sample taken at the time of treatment. Increased prostaglandin concentrations were found in 69 of 71 samples examined but they were not correlated with the progesterone concentrations. These measurements from cases of endometritis were higher than those from normal cows in the immediate post partum period and during established oestrous cycles. Treatment with prostaglandin when the concentration of progesterone was high was not more effective than when progesterone concentrations were low. Treatment had less influence on the subsequent fertility of the cow than other factors investigated; in particular, the sooner after calving the cow was treated the greater was the chance of success. This was thought to be due, at least in part, to the high rate of spontaneous recovery. Before treatment can be evaluated effectively a method must be found to identify persistent cases.
Vet Rec 1987 Jan 17
PMID:Preliminary results of treatment and endocrinology of chronic endometritis in the dairy cow. 382 40

Testes of sexually mature men were studied histochemically with 20 fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Based on their pattern of reactivity with intratesticular spermatogenic cells, lectins were divided into five groups: 1) lectins reacting with all spermatogenic cells (Suc. ConA, WGA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, STA, MPA, and RCA-II); 2) lectin reacting with spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa, but not with spermatogonia (RCA-I); 3) lectins reacting with spermatids and spermatozoa only (BPA, PNA, SBA, and VVA); 4) lectins reacting only with spermatozoa (HPA, GSA-I, UEA-II, and GSA-II); and 5) lectins with no distinct staining of spermatogenic cells (DBA, LBA, and UEA-I). All lectins from groups 1-4 were reactive with ejaculated spermatozoa. On the basis of the staining patterns of the head region of ejaculated spermatozoa, four lectin reactivity groups were defined: 1) lectins reacting with the plasma membrane of the whole head (BPA, WGA, LCA, STA, RCA-II, PHA-E, PHA-L, RCA-I, UEA-II, and GSA-II); 2) lectin reacting with the acrosomal cap and postacrosomal region of the plasma membrane (Suc. ConA); 3) lectin reacting with the acrosomal cap region of the plasma membrane (PNA); and 4) lectins reacting with the midregion of the sperm head in a bandlike manner (HPA, VVA, SBA, GSA-I, and MPA). These data provide a map of lectin binding sites on human testicular spermatogenic cells and ejaculated spermatozoa and show that the distribution of glycoconjugate domains of spermatogenic cell changes during differentiation and maturation.
Anat Rec 1985 Jul
PMID:Lectin binding sites on human sperm and spermatogenic cells. 393 81

Oviducts and uteri were obtained from cats at estrus and up to 14 days after coitus. Progesterone binding sites were estimated by Scatchard analysis, serum levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay, nd key morphological parameters of the lining of the epithelium of the oviduct and the deep uterine glands were quantitated. Progesterone cytosol binding was highest at estrus, significantly depleted by day 4, and continued a gradual decline out to day 14 in both tissues. Nuclear binding was markedly elevated at day 4; with time the binding decreased until by day 14 it was equal to or lower than that detected at estrus. The initial depletion of cytosol binding and rise in nuclear binding coincided with the initial rise in serum progesterone levels. Within the oviduct, the increase in nuclear binding coincided with the onset of regressive changes within the epithelium. These changes included atrophy, deciliation, and apoptosis. Within the uterine glands, the increase in nuclear binding coincided with the onset of the progestational response. This response included cell hypertrophy, glycogen synthesis and deposition, and with longer exposure to elevated levels of progesterone, the disappearance of these glycogen deposits. These results clearly illustrate the immediate effect of low levels of progesterone on the subcellular compartmentalization of the progesterone receptor system, and the down regulation of the total receptor system when target tissues are exposed to a continuous elevation of serum progesterone. These results also illustrate that similar changes in receptor compartmentalization induce different morphological responses within target tissues from the same animal.
Anat Rec 1984 Apr
PMID:The postovulatory cat oviduct and uterus: correlation of morphological features with progesterone receptor levels. 673 61

The potential value of milk progesterone profiles in conjunction with rectal examination in the diagnosis of subfertility in beef suckler cows was investigated. Ten of 20 cows suckled their calves three times per day and the other 10 suckled their calves continuously. Milk samples were collected twice weekly during the 21 days prior to first service and up to day 50 post mating in cows confirmed pregnant. The uterine and ovarian states of the cows were examined per rectum weekly between calving and first service. Progesterone profiles of cows conceiving to first service showed a typical smooth curve, while those of cows failing to conceive were irregular and indicated disturbances in the normal functioning of the corpus luteum.
Vet Rec 1980 Jan 12
PMID:Clinical application of milk progesterone in the diagnosis of subfertility in suckled cows. 736 97


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