Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infectious elementary bodies of Chlamydia psittaci in tissue samples from field cases of enzootic abortion were placed in five different transport media (A to E). In one medium, in the absence of refrigerative storage, the organism remained viable for 30 days and at 4 degrees C for 34 days. This was medium D; it consisted of sucrose (74.6 g/litre), K2HPO4 (1.237 g/litre), L-glutamic acid (0.721 g/litre), fetal calf serum (10 per cent v/v), vancomycin and streptomycin (100 micrograms/ml) and nystatin and gentamicin (50 micrograms/ml). Samples of this transport medium were supplied to veterinary investigation centres throughout the UK. Of 1862 samples submitted for diagnosis of enzootic abortion only 1.55 per cent were so contaminated that chlamydiae could not be detected. This transport medium permits the isolation of C psittaci from clinical material for up to about one month, even in the absence of conventional storage facilities.
Vet Rec 1983 Dec 03
PMID:Simple transport medium for the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from clinical material. 636 42

Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis CP4:pZB5 was grown with pH control in batch and continuous modes with either glucose or xylose as the sole carbon and energy source. In batch cultures in which the ratio of the final cell mass concentration to the amount of sugar in the medium was constant (i.e., under conditions that promote "coupled growth"), maximum specific rates of glucose and xylose consumption were 8.5 and 2.1 g/(g of cell.h), respectively; maximum specific rates of ethanol production for glucose and xylose were 4.1 and 1.0 g/(g of cell.h), respectively; and average growth yields from glucose and xylose were 0.055 and 0.034 g of dry cell mass (DCM)/g of sugar, respectively. The corresponding value of YATP for glucose and xylose was 9.9 and 5.1 g of DCM/mol of ATP, respectively. YATP for the wild-type culture CP4 with glucose was 10.4 g of DCM/mol of ATP. For single substrate chemostat cultures in which the growth rate was varied as the dilution rate (D), the maximum or "true" growth yield (max Yx/s) was calculated from Pirt plots as the inverse of the slope of the best-fit linear regression for the specific sugar utilization rate as a function of D, and the "maintenance coefficient" (m) was determined as the y-axis intercept. For xylose, values of max Yx/s and m were 0.0417 g of DCM/g of xylose (YATP = 6.25) and 0.04 g of xylose/(g of cell.h), respectively. However, with glucose there was an observed deviation from linearity, and the data in the Pirt plot was best fit with a second-order polynomial in D. At D > 0.1/h, YATP = 8.71 and m = 2.05 g of glu/(g of cell.h) whereas at D < 0.1/h, YATP = 4.9 g of DCM/mol of ATP and m = 0.04 g of glu/(g of cell.h). This observation provides evidence to question the validity of the unstructured growth model and the assumption that Pirt's maintenance coefficient is a constant that is independent of the growth rate. Collectively, these observations with individual sugars and the values assigned to various growth and fermentation parameters will be useful in the development of models to predict the behavior of rec Zm in mixed substrate fermentations of the type associated with biomass-to-ethanol processes.
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PMID:Comparative energetics of glucose and xylose metabolism in recombinant Zymomonas mobilis. 1084 96

The capillaries of the area postrema (AP) lack the morphological peculiarity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the AP neurons are considered located outside the BBB. Using the immunofluorescent method, we have investigated the expression of membrane transport systems that are instrumental to the BBB function, such as caveolin-1, -2, P-glycoprotein, and glut-4, in the capillary endothelium of the rat and calf AP. The expression of these molecules was verified after fibronectin immunostaining of the microvessels. Both in the rat and calf, caveolin-1, -2, and P-glycoprotein were expressed in the AP capillaries. A quantitative analysis revealed that the proportion of the capillary profiles expressing these transport systems was very close to 100% of the fibronectin immunolabelled profiles. On the contrary, none of the AP capillaries showed glut-4 immunoreactivity. The present investigation demonstrates that the endothelial layer of the AP capillaries, in spite of the paracellular passage of polar molecules through the leaky tight junctions and fenestrations, could be an active interface which is able to control the entry of a wide range of blood-borne compounds into the brain by means of specific mechanisms, including an efflux pump.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2004 Jul
PMID:Membrane-transport systems in the fenestrated capillaries of the area postrema in rat and calf. 1522 7

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a very promising biodegradable polymer that is produced by Bacillus subtilis. Gamma-PGA is water-soluble, anionic, biodegradable, and edible. This paper reviews the production of a strain of gamma-PGA and recent developments with respect to applications in terms of Ca absorption, moisturizing properties, gamma-PGA conjugation, super absorbent polymer, and so on. Our recent research shows that gamma-PGA can be used as an immune-stimulating and anti-tumor agent, especially at high molecular weight.
Chem Rec 2005
PMID:Natural and edible biopolymer poly-gamma-glutamic acid: synthesis, production, and applications. 1627 34

The reactivity of synthesised peptide sets for the M-like proteins SeM and SzPSe with sera from horses infected with Streptococcus equi or Streptococcus zooepidemicus, or control horses, was investigated by an ELISA. Seventeen horses were infected experimentally with S equi or S zooepidemicus, convalescent sera were obtained from 25 horses and control sera were obtained from 1945 horses. The serum antibody responses of individual horses to the peptide sets were highly variable. Some of the peptide sets for SeM reacted strongly with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S equi, but also reacted with sera from some of the horses infected experimentally with S zooepidemicus. However, the proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine (PEPK) repeats peptide set, synthesised from the PEPK repeats areas of SzPSe, reacted most strongly with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S equi and the horses convalescing from strangles, and reacted only minimally with the sera from the horses infected experimentally with S zooepidemicus and the control horses.
Vet Rec 2006 Nov 04
PMID:Proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine peptide set as a specific antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. 1708 98

L-Glutamate is a major amino acid neurotransmitter in the central neuronal system of the mammalian brain and plays a vital role in brain development, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, and neuropathological disorders. Despite technical limitations, progress is being made in sensing L-glutamate in vivo and in vitro. Sophisticated microsensors with the necessary spatial and temporal resolution have recently been emerging, which enable us to discern regional distribution, concentration levels, and temporal changes of L-glutamate in acute brain slices. The L-glutamate sensors for in vitro sensing have different structures and sizes, such as glass capillary-based enzyme sensors, polymer-coated enzyme sensors, and patch sensors based on natural sensing probes. The concentration of L-glutamate released in brain slices by chemical stimulation is markedly dependent on neuronal regions, types of stimulation, and sensing methods. Real- and long-time monitoring of L-glutamate in acute hippocampal slices is beginning to shed light on L-glutamate release related to the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation. Progress is also being made toward the visualization of L-glutamate release in acute hippocampal slices. The methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L-glutamate are discussed.
Chem Rec 2007
PMID:Methodological aspects of in vitro sensing of L-glutamate in acute brain slices. 1805 Feb 78

The reactivity of the proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine (PEPK) repetition peptide antigen in 3176 serum samples was investigated to evaluate its utility as an antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. The reactivity of the sera of horses infected with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi was high when the peptide had several PEPK repetitions. However, as the number of PEPK repetitions increased, the reactivity of the antigen with the sera of horses infected with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus also increased. In horses infected experimentally with S equi, the reactivity of the PEPK antigen with five repetitions increased one week after inoculation and continued to increase during the following four weeks. The optical density (OD) values of test sera from horses infected experimentally with S equi and sera from horses that had recovered from strangles were high. The od values of sera from horses that had recovered from an experimental infection with S zooepidemicus and of sera from healthy horses were comparatively low.
Vet Rec 2008 Apr 12
PMID:Proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine repetition peptide as an antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. 1840 94

Recent comparative genomic studies have identified a chicken gene that codes for a trichohyalin-like protein rich in arginine and glutamic acid termed scaffoldin. Immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy show that this protein is predominantly localized in periderm granules, subcellular structures present in the periderm of the embryonic epidermis of chick scales, beak, claw, and in the sheath of developing and regenerating feathers. This suggests that scaffoldin contributes to the formation of periderm granules and to the soft cornification of the embryonic epidermis before the definitive epidermis is formed. Scaffoldin is absent from the definitive and adult epidermis generated underneath the periderm in scales and in inter-follicular regions. Scaffoldin mixes with corneous beta-proteins (beta-keratins) synthesized in keratinocytes of the transitional layers formed beneath the periderm in the subunguis of the developing claws. Immunoreactivity for scaffoldin is absent in keratinocytes that accumulate corneous beta-proteins such as those of scales, claws, and barbule-barb cells of feathers. Corneous beta-proteins represent the prevalent type of proteins present in adult epidermis of claws, scales, and feathers. These observations indicate that scaffoldin is a protein of transitional epidermal cells of the avian integument and might represent an important component of periderm granules.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015 Feb
PMID:Immunolocalization of scaffoldin, a trichohyalin-like protein, in the epidermis of the chicken embryo. 2514 16