Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the effects of chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment on the morphology of two physiologically different muscles. Nerve terminals from the slow twitch soleus (SOL) and fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of Fischer 344 rats were stained using the zinc iodide osmium (ZIO) technique. Nerve terminal area, perimeter, and longitudinal extent length were measured using computer-aided morphometry. Slow and fast muscle fibers from animals which received 5-10 mg CORT per day for 3 months were atrophied compared with controls. Treated animals failed to gain weight during the study, while controls gained 37%. Adrenal weights in treated animals were 30% less than controls, after correction for body weight. Morphological parameters for SOL nerve terminals were generally larger in the CORT group, while EDL nerve terminals from the CORT group did not differ significantly from controls. Soleus nerve terminal area was 43% greater, perimeter 14% longer, and longitudinal extent length 18% longer than the control nerve terminals. This study demonstrates a greater effect of CORT treatment on slow twitch muscle than has been demonstrated in previous studies. Changes in the nerve terminal morphology of the SOL were also greater than in previous studies and suggest that a functional adaptation or remodelling may occur following CORT treatment to maintain the neuromuscular interface during the enhanced catabolic effects of the steroid. These steroid-induced stress changes are similar in some respects to those observed in aging and disuse studies of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. This suggests that glucocorticoid hormones may play an etiological role in the homeostasis of the neuromuscular junction in response to various stimuli.
Anat Rec 1990 May
PMID:Effects of chronic corticosterone treatment on the morphology of rat neuromuscular junctions. 236 23

Rats bearing adrenocortical carcinoma 494 were injected daily for 7, 14, or 21 days with aminoglutethimide (AG) or o,p'-DDD. Reversibility of these steroidogenic inhibitors was determined by injecting other animals for either 14 or 21 days and sacrificing them 14 days later. While the drugs had little effect on body or tumor growth, plasma corticosterone levels were reduced a maximum of 88% in normal and 95% in tumor-bearing rats during AG chemotherapy. These levels were unaltered in normal rats by o,p'-DDD and reduced a maximum of 64% in tumor-bearing animals. Relative adrenal weights generally increased during chemotherapy and then returned to control levels. These changes were mainly due to alterations in the lipid and mitochondrial volume fractions. Lipid increased with both drugs while mitochondria increased with o,p'-DDD and decreased with AG. Cholesterol ester levels paralleled the lipid stereology more closely with AG than o,p'-DDD. With both drugs the most notable changes in tumor fine structure was a decrease in mitochondrial internal membranous vesicles and matrical density. Adrenal mitochondria had the irregular, elongated forms characteristic of tumor-bearing animals and were vacuolated (AG) or had internal rings (o,p'-DDD). The large lipid droplets observed during chemotherapy with both drugs were replaced by numerous small droplets in recovery periods.
Anat Rec 1980 Sep
PMID:Fine structural and biochemical effects of aminoglutethimide and o,p'-DDD on rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 and adrenals. 745 28

Seventy-seven wild otters found dead in south-west England between 1988 and 1996 were examined postmortem. Road traffic accidents were responsible for 64 of the deaths and there were marked seasonal peaks. Bite wounds were present in 12 animals and five were considered to have died from their injuries. The animals' general nutritional state was good, but the males were in overall poorer condition than the females. There was little evidence of infectious disease and the results suggested a young, generally healthy population. Adrenal hypertrophy was observed in males dying of bite wounds and in lactating or pregnant females. Convoluted, modular uteri were observed in three females.
Vet Rec 1997 Aug 23
PMID:Health status of otters (Lutra lutra) in south-west England based on postmortem findings. 1178 89

Urinary adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline, dopamine, metadrenaline (metanephrine) and normetadrenaline to creatinine ratios were measured from spot samples of seven client-owned dogs with a histologically confirmed phaeochromocytoma. Urine was collected on day 0 in the hospital in six dogs, and additionally on days 2, 6 and 7 after discharge in two of these dogs. In one dog, urine was sampled on day 7 only. Samples were also collected from 10 healthy control dogs on days 0, 1 and 7. In dogs with phaeochromocytomas, normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios at all time points ranged from 103 to 6430 nmol/mmol. From day 0, ratios of samples taken at the hospital (range 157 to 925 nmol/mmol) were significantly higher (P<0.0012) compared with control samples (range 14 to 91 nmol/mmol). The highest normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios were found in two dogs with bilateral phaeochromocytomas. Adrenaline:creatinine and noradrenaline:creatinine ratios were also significantly increased (P<0.016) in dogs with a phaeochromocytoma at day 0 compared with controls, although the difference was less pronounced than that between controls and dogs with a phaeochromocytoma for the normetadrenaline:creatinine ratio. Urine normetadrenaline:creatinine ratios may be useful in the diagnosis of canine phaeochromocytomas.
Vet Rec 2010 Feb 06
PMID:Urinary catecholamine and metadrenaline to creatinine ratios in dogs with a phaeochromocytoma. 2013 80

The adrenal glands of 30 dogs with primary adrenal insufficiency (hypoadrenocorticism) were measured ultrasonographically and compared with those of 14 healthy dogs and those of 10 dogs with diseases mimicking hypoadrenocorticism. Thickness and length of the adrenals were measured on abdominal ultrasonography and the results for each group were compared. Dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism had significantly thinner adrenals compared with the other two groups, and their left adrenal glands were also significantly shorter than those of healthy dogs. Adrenal ultrasonography may be of diagnostic value in dogs with clinical signs suggestive of primary hypoadrenocorticism, as a left adrenal gland measuring less than 3.2 mm in thickness is strongly suggestive of the disease.
Vet Rec 2010 Aug 07
PMID:Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal glands in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism or mimicking diseases. 2069 4

Adrenal length and width were determined from two-dimensional ultrasound longitudinal images. In study 1, 540 measurements of adrenal glands were attempted from five healthy beagle dogs by three different observers with different levels of expertise in ultrasonography, to determine the variability of adrenal gland measurements. Of these, 484 measurements were included in the statistical analysis, since 16 measurements of the left adrenal gland and 40 for the right could not be visualised by the observer. In study 2, a single measurement of both adrenal glands was taken from each of 146 dogs by the most trained observer from study 1, and the effects of different health status (healthy dogs v dogs with non-adrenal diseases), bodyweight, age and sex were assessed. A total of 267 measurements were included in the statistical analysis. The lowest intra- and inter-day coefficient of variation values were observed for the left adrenal gland and by the most trained observer. The health status had no statistically significant effect on adrenal gland length or width, whereas age had a significant effect only for the left adrenal gland (the greater the age, the greater the width or length) and sex had a significant effect only for the right adrenal gland (the width was larger in males and the length larger in females). The bodyweight had a significant effect for the length of both adrenal glands (the greater the bodyweight, the greater the length), but not the width. The differences between sd and coefficient of variation values for the width of the left adrenal gland were not statistically significant between the three observers, whereas they were statistically significant for the right adrenal gland.
Vet Rec 2011 Feb 05
PMID:Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in healthy dogs: repeatability, reproducibility, observer-dependent variability, and the effect of bodyweight, age and sex. 2149 88