Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was initiated to determine whether specific hormones would influence adenylate cyclase activity within the maxillary-palatal complex during formation of the hamster secondary palate. Stages from initial appearance of the palatal processes to shortly after birth were studied. Highest basal adenylate cyclase activities occurred during the earliest periods of palate development. This basal enzyme activity began to diminish as palatal fusion occurred and remained lowered until birth. Activation of adenylate cyclase by fluoride was maximal at concentrations of 5-10 mM, and was observed throughout the span of palatal development. Fluoride activation of adenylate cyclase was greatest prior to fusion of the palatal processes, then decreased until birth when a slightly increased enzymatic stimulation was seen. Norepinephrine and epinphrine were the catecholamines most capable of inducing increased activation of adenylate cyclase at most periods of palatal growth. Increased enzyme activity in the presence of norepinephrine was more susceptible to antagonism by the beta adrenergic agent, propranolol, than to the alpha adrenergic agent, phentolamine. The remaining catecholamines, namely isoproterenol and dopamine, displayed a lesser ability to activate the enzyme, and adenylate cyclase was not equally responsive to these catecholamines at identical developmental stages. Other hormones, i.e. histamine, serotonin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, thyroxine and glucagon were generally ineffective in activating the enzyme. Phosphodiesterase activity was not detected until shortly before birth.
Anat Rec 1976 Jun
PMID:Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the developing golden hamster palate. 17 49

We have demonstrated the coexistence of GABA-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities (GABA-LI and TH-LI, respectively) in the same neurons of the rat locus ceruleus (LC). The profiles of these cells were labeled by alternately immunostaining adjacent sections for GABA-LI or TH-LI by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method or the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method after perfusion (either Zamboni's fixative or PPG), and observation at light and electron microscopic levels. For light microscopy, pairs of adjacent sections of more than 590 (Zamboni's) and 260 (PPG), and for electron microscopy, 40 ultrathin sections cut from adjacent semithin plastic sections (Zamboni's), were examined. GABA-LI was found in 80% (1,309/1,642 in total) of small and medium-sized neurons, uniformly scattered throughout the LC. Observations unequivocally show that the majority of GABA-ergic neurons are also noradrenergic. Several neurons are neither noradrenergic nor GABA-ergic, while other noradrenergic neurons do not show GABA-LI. It is shown that astrocytes, but not oligodendrocytes, contain GABA. In situ hybridization using a probe DNA fragment of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) cDNA, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, detected GAD mRNA signals in many neurons throughout the LC, supporting the presence of a GAD/GABA system in the LC. Multiple "classical" transmitters, including GABA, serotonin, and noradrenaline, coexist in many LC neurons and may contribute to its widely diverging projections throughout the entire CNS.
Anat Rec 1992 Dec
PMID:Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization evidence for the coexistence of GABA and tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat locus ceruleus. 136 Jul 72

Norepinephrine administration causes progressive hypertrophy of the mammalian heart as measured by myocardial mass. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of the myocardial tissue components as well as the myocardial cell itself to norepinephrine. Young, adult cats were given low doses of norepinephrine in dextrose or dextrose alone twice daily for 15 days. On day 16, there were no changes in the animals body weight, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, or blood pressure. However, the right ventricle/body weight, the left ventricle/body weight and the total heart weight/body weight were increased significantly in the norepinephrine treated animals. The increase was on the order of 40%. The cardiac muscle cell was also significantly increased in size and both the right and left ventricular cardiac muscle cells exhibited a dramatic increase in size as measured by cross sectional area. Upon stereological examination it was found that the amount of hypertrophy as seen in the cardiac muscle cells was paralleled by the hypertrophy seen in the other tissue components of the myocardium. The volume density of the muscle cells, the interstitial components, as well as the blood vessel compartment were identical in the control and in the norepinephrine-treated groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the response of the myocardium to norepinephrine is similar to that seen in response to a volume overload rather than that seen in response to pressure overload.
Anat Rec 1991 Apr
PMID:Norepinephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy of the cat heart. 182 54

Intradermal injection of 46 micrograms E coli endotoxin had no effect on the plasma cortisol and noradrenaline concentrations of four dairy cows. Mean values were similar to normal values reported in the literature. Intravenous injection of 75 micrograms of endotoxin on the following day caused a massive increase in plasma cortisol concentrations which lasted for seven hours. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased rapidly after the intravenous administration of endotoxin and remained high for at least one hour. A possible relationship between endotoxaemia and the pathogenesis of acute laminitis is discussed.
Vet Rec 1990 Jul 07
PMID:Sympathico-adrenal effects of endotoxaemia in cattle. 220 Nov 25

A simple procedure is described for cannulating the aorta abdominalis of cattle through the coccygeal artery, and for positioning the tip of the cannula close to the origin of the ovarian artery. When noradrenaline was infused through the cannula there was a rapid increase in the concentration of progesterone in the peripheral blood, whereas the intravenous infusion of the same dose of noradrenaline had little effect. The procedure can be used for endocrinological studies of the reproductive organs and avoids the more costly and potentially damaging procedure of implanting cannulae during a laparotomy.
Vet Rec 1990 Jul 14
PMID:The coccygeal artery as a route for the administration of drugs into the reproductive tract of cattle. 239 56

The present peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical study demonstrated that approximately 50% of the total chromaffin cells of the rat adrenal medulla exhibited NPY-like immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive material was localized in the core of the chromaffin granules as well as diffusely in the cytoplasm. By combination of immunohistochemistry with noradrenaline-fluorescence microscopy, all NPY-immunoreactive chromaffin cells are nonfluorescent, indicating that all NPY-chromaffin cells co-store adrenaline. A comparison of two consecutive sections, each of which was processed for the immunostaining with anti-NPY and anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu antisera, respectively, indicated that NPY and preproenkephalin A and its derivatives coexist in approximately one-fifth of the total NPY-immunoreactive cells. In addition to the NPY-immunoreactive cells, a plexus of NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities was found in the subcapsular regions of the adrenal gland. The nerve fibers were often associated with small blood vessels and extended into the zona glomerulosa. Single NPY-immunoreactive fibers were sparsely distributed in the deeper regions of the cortex and in the medulla. Ganglion cells in the adrenal gland were not seen exhibiting intensely positive NPY-like immunoreactivity. The NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers contained abundant small clear vesicles mixed with a few small and large granular vesicles. The immunoreactive material appeared on the granular cores as well as in the axoplasm. The NPY fibers were closely apposed to smooth muscle cells and pericytes of small blood vessels in the cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1986 Mar
PMID:Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in adrenal chromaffin cells and intraadrenal nerve fibers of rats. 351 14

Blood counts and noradrenaline estimations were performed in 14 horses competing in a 160 km endurance ride. Samples were collected before the ride, immediately after the ride. 30 minutes after the ride and the day after the ride. For statistical analysis, a group of seven horses that completed the ride at a mean speed of 234 m/minute (fast group) was compared with seven horses that completed the ride at a mean speed of 144 m/minute (slow group). Immediately after the ride the fast group of horses had higher packed cell volume, haemoglobin, neutrophils and lower lymphocyte counts than the slow group of horses. Thirty minutes after the ride the fast group had higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts than the slow group. In the fast group of horses significant increases in packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red cell count occurred immediately after the ride, but these parameters remained unchanged in the slow group of horses. Significant correlations were found for heart rate, speed and noradrenaline concentrations with packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red cell counts percentage of neutrophils and percentage of lymphocytes, for values immediately after the ride.
Vet Rec 1982 Feb 20
PMID:Haematological changes associated with endurance exercise. 707 15

The acute oral and subchronic (6 weeks) topical toxicity of alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-beta,N-imidazolylethyl 4-phenylthiobenzyl ether nitrate (fenticonazole, Rec 15/1476) was studied in mice, rats, guinea pigs and beagle dogs. The acute oral LD50 in mice and rats was found to be 3000 mg/kg, while the i.p. acute toxicity was 1191 mg/kg in mice and between 309 and 440 mg/kg in rats. The acute oral LD50 in beagle dogs was 1000 mg/kg. Percutaneous subchronic (6 weeks) toxicity was evaluated in guinea pigs and beagle dogs. Both species of animals exhibited no toxic effect attributable to the treatment with fenticonazole and no histopathologic changes were attributed to the drug treatment. Fenticonazole did not affect numerous pharmacological and physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, nor did it interfere with the activity of histamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine). It does not possess analgesic or antiinflammatory activity at high doses (100 mg/kg p.o.). In mice it exhibits a slight CNS depressant activity, milder than that of miconazole.
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PMID:Toxicological and pharmacological properties of fenticonazole, a new topical antimycotic. 719 16

The effects of noradrenaline (NA), L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and reserpine (RES) on the uptake, accumulation, and release of amines in catecholamine-containing specific endothelial granules (SEG) of carp cerebral veins and their mode of formation were examined by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. The intramuscular injection of NA (4 mg/kg) or L-DOPA (200 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in both the fluorescence and electron density of SEG. After the administration of false neurotransmitters. 5-OHDA (190 mg/kg) or 6-OHDA (200 mg/kg), the venous endothelial fluorescence almost completely disappeared but the SEG electron density increased. Following the injection of RES (15 mg/kg), the fluorescence intensity and SEG electron density showed no sign of decrease, as was expected, but in fact increased. It is suggested that the SEG are able to take up and accumulate exogeneous amines and that these mechanisms are RES-resistant. The electron density of SEG increased in proportion to the amount of amines in the SEG. The swelling and fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and the accumulation of dense material within the cisternae suggests the possible participation of these organelles in SEG formation.
Anat Rec 1980 Nov
PMID:Further studies on catecholamine-containing specific endothelial granules in carp cerebral veins. A fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopy study. 745 35

The autonomic innervation of smooth muscle in fresh biopsy specimens of the human urinary bladder, bladder neck and urethra has been examined using specific neurohistochemical techniques. Acetylcholinesterase-containing nerve fibers have been demonstrated amongst the smooth muscle cells in all the biopsy samples. Enzyme-positive fibers formed a plexus, the density of which varied dependent upon the region from which the biopsy material was obtained. Catecholamine (noradrenaline)-containing autonomic nerve fibers were observed amongst smooth muscle cells of the vesico-urethra junction; other than for perivascular nerve plexuses. Noradrenergic fibers were absent from biopsy samples of other regions. Juxtamural, acetylcholinesterase-positive neurones were present in some samples, and a proportion of these cell bodies were closely related to noradrenergic nerve terminal regions. These findings are discussed in relation to those of other workers who have examined the innervation of the mammalian lower urinary tract.
Anat Rec 1980 Nov
PMID:The autonomic innervation of the human urinary bladder, bladder neck and urethra: a histochemical study. 745 37


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