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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit articular cartilage was fixed with glutaraldehyde containing Ruthenium Red or Safranin O proteoglycan localization is easily obtained. Ruthenium Red stained proteoglycan is easily visualized by electron microscopy. Previous digestion with papain prevented staining by either technique confirming that the material was indeed proteoglycan. Using these methods of proteoglycan identification the sites of attachment to collagen are shown as well as the deposition of proteoglycan about cells of differing vitality and the relationship of proteoglycan to cell membranes.
Anat Rec 1977 Apr
PMID:The localization of articular cartilage proteoglycan by electron microscopy. 32 44

The purpose of this paper was to describe the remodeling of adult coxofemoral articular cartilage (AC) in response to altered weight bearing. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral hindpaw transection at the distal tibiofibular junction (AmpCont group); another group of eight rats served as normal controls (Norm group). Subpopulations of both groups were injected with 35SO4 24 hr before harvest. All femora were harvested after 8 weeks. Safranin O stained longitudinal sections were used to determine AC thickness, cellularity, and proteoglycan (PG) staining. Regional grain counting was performed on autoradiographs. Analysis of the data revealed that the AC of Norm hips in the region near the fovea capitis femoris was significantly thicker, had a lower cell density, a greater PG density, and a lower 35SO4 incorporation rate per chondrocyte than the AC of the Norm lateral edge region. The intact limbs of the AmpCont animals demonstrated a relative thinning of the AC near the fovea capitis femoris, compared with the edge region, and reduced 35SO4 incorporation rate in the lateral edge region, compared with normal values. The operated limb of the AmpCont animals displayed a relative increase of PG density in the edge region compared with the foveal region and a reduced 35SO4 incorporation rate in the lateral edge region, compared with normal values. We concluded that rat coxofemoral AC responds bilaterally to unilateral hindpaw amputation through appropriate morphologic remodeling.
Anat Rec 1988 Jun
PMID:Unilateral hindpaw amputation causes bilateral articular cartilage remodeling of the rat hip joint. 341 81

There is significant diversity in growth plate behavior among sites within an individual skeleton and between skeletons of different species. This variation within wild-type animals is an underutilized resource for studying skeletal development. One bone that potentially exhibits the most diverse behavior is the metatarsal. While one end forms a growth plate with an epiphyseal secondary center of ossification as in other long bones, the opposite end undergoes direct ossification in a manner more similar to short bones. Although descriptions of human metatarsal/metacarpal ossification are available, a detailed comparative analysis has yet to be conducted in an animal model amenable to biomolecular analysis. Here we report an analysis of proximal and distal ossification in an age series of mouse metatarsals. Safranin O staining was used for qualitative and quantitative histology, and chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for type X collagen and proliferative cell nuclear antigen expression. We establish that, as in the human, both growth plate formation and direct ossification occur in the mouse metatarsal, with chondrocyte populations showing distinct differentiation patterns at opposite ends of the bone. In addition, growth plate formation is characterized by a peak of proliferation in reserve zone chondrocytes that distinguishes it from both established growth plates and direct ossification. Our analysis demonstrates that the mouse metatarsal is a productive model for investigating natural variation in ossification that can further understanding of vertebrate skeletal development and evolution.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2006 Jan
PMID:Ossification of the mouse metatarsal: differentiation and proliferation in the presence/absence of a defined growth plate. 1634 15

In contrast to experimental evidence regarding the postorbital bar, postorbital septum, and browridge, there is exceedingly little evidence regarding the load-bearing nature of soft-tissue structures of the mammalian circumorbital region. This hinders our understanding of pronounced transformations during primate origins, in which euprimates evolved a postorbital bar from an ancestor with the primitive mammalian condition where only soft tissues spanned the lateral orbital margin between frontal bone and zygomatic arch. To address this significant gap, we investigated the postorbital microanatomy of rabbits subjected to long-term variation in diet-induced masticatory stresses. Rabbits exhibit a masticatory complex and feeding behaviors similar to primates, yet retain a more primitive mammalian circumorbital region. Three cohorts were obtained as weanlings and raised on different diets until adult. Following euthanasia, postorbital soft tissues were dissected away, fixed, and decalcified. These soft tissues were divided into inferior, intermediate, and superior units and then dehydrated, embedded, and sectioned. H&E staining was used to characterize overall architecture. Collagen orientation and complexity were evaluated via picrosirius-red staining. Safranin-O identified proteoglycan content with additional immunostaining performed to assess Type-II collagen expression. Surprisingly, the ligament along the lateral orbital wall was composed of elastic fibrocartilage. A more degraded organization of collagen fibers in this postorbital fibrocartilage is correlated with increased masticatory forces due to a more fracture-resistant diet. Furthermore, the lack of marked changes in the extracellular composition of the lateral orbital wall related to tissue viscoelasticity suggests it is unlikely that long-term exposure to elevated masticatory stresses underlies the development of a bony postorbital bar.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010 Apr
PMID:Masticatory loading, function, and plasticity: a microanatomical analysis of mammalian circumorbital soft-tissue structures. 2023 21

Cartilage damage is typically treated by chondrocyte transplantation, mosaicplasty, or microfracture. Recent advances in tissue engineering have prompted research on techniques to repair articular cartilage damage using a variety of transplanted cells. We studied the repair and regeneration of cartilage damage using layered chondrocyte sheets prepared in a temperature-responsive culture dish. We previously reported achieving robust tissue repair when covering only the surface layer of partial-thickness defects with layered chondrocyte sheets in domestic rabbits. We also reported good Safranin O staining and integration with surrounding tissue in a minipig model of full-thickness cartilaginous defects in the knee joint. We have continued our studies using human chondrocytes obtained from patients under IRB approval, and have confirmed the safety and efficacy of chondrocyte sheets, and have submitted a report to the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare in Japan. In 2011, the Ministry gave us approval to perform a clinical study of joint repair using cell sheets. We have just started implanting cell sheets in patients at Tokai University Hospital.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014 Jan
PMID:Articular cartilage regeneration using cell sheet technology. 2429 96