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The intermediate filament labeling pattern of the epithelial structures of the canine anal region was studied with different polypeptide specific keratin monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and with a monoclonal and polyclonal vimentin antibody. The epithelial structures in this region could be discriminated and characterized by differences in their keratin staining pattern. The basal cells in the different epithelial structures showed a similar staining pattern characterized by reactivity with MoAbs staining keratins 5, 8, 14, and 17. Columnar epithelial cells showed a completely different phenotype mostly characterized by reactivity with MoAbs staining keratins 7, 5, 8, 18, and 19. A restricted number of differentiated perianal gland cells showed perinuclear vimentin staining. Myoepithelial cells did not stain for vimentin, but, as other basal cells, were positive for MoAbs staining keratins 5, 8, 14, and 17.
Anat Rec 1992 Nov
PMID:Keratin and vimentin distribution patterns in the epithelial structures of the canine anal region. 128 11

The localization of different cytoskeletal proteins (keratin, vimentin, desmin, actin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin) was examined by immunohistochemistry in normal human adult dental pulp and compared with dental papilla of tooth germs. Keratin and actin were localized in enamel organ. Vimentin and actin were observed in the dental papilla and in the adult dental pulp. Desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin were present only in the vessel walls. These data are discussed paying particular attention to the origin and the peculiar functional characters of the dental papilla and pulp.
Anat Rec 1992 Dec
PMID:Expression of intermediate filaments and actins in human dental pulp and embryonic dental papilla. 128 Sep 23

Microridges produce a characteristic fingerprint-like pattern on the surface of fish oral mucosa. The cytoskeleton in these microridges was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy after detergent extraction and decoration with myosin subfragment 1. The effect of cytochalasin B on microridges was probed with scanning electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that actin filaments were present throughout the periphery of the epithelial cells and were especially localized beneath the free surface of the epithelium. In thin sections treated with Triton X-100, the majority of filaments in the microridges and their bases were found to be actin filaments and a plexus of keratin filaments that underlay the network of actin filaments. A part of the plexus of keratin filaments entered the microridges. After extraction with Triton X-100 and decoration with myosin subfragment 1, decorated actin filaments were found in the microridge cores, connected to the keratin filaments. The keratin filaments aggregated in the pattern of microridges and a few of them protruded into the microridges. Treatment with cytochalasin B caused microridges to disappear or to become thinner and lower or to change short or microvillus-like microridges. When most microridges disappeared, the surface of the superficial cells was prominently swollen, but the cell boundaries were fastened, and the microridges in the periphery were preserved. On the basis of these observations, the possible roles of actin and keratin filaments in the maintenance and the formation of microridges are discussed.
Anat Rec 1991 Jun
PMID:Cytoskeleton in microridges of the oral mucosal epithelium in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. 171 56

A reliable and reproducible method for the isolation and propagation of thymic epithelial cells is described. Thymic epithelial cells from enzymatically dissociated thymus stroma are first enriched by separation on a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. The cell fractions enriched for epithelial cells are then cultured with irradiated fibroblasts in Ham's F-12 nutrient medium. Colonies of cells in these cultures contain keratin and exhibit morphologic characteristics of epithelial cells. When subcultured, the epithelial cells no longer require irradiated fibroblasts as filler cells. Some of the epithelial cells in vitro retain expression of class II (Ia) major histocompatibility antigens. The generation of defined cultures of thymic epithelial cells promises to be useful in defining their role in T cell differentiation.
Anat Rec 1986 Sep
PMID:Isolation of murine thymic epithelium and an improved method for its propagation in vitro. 242 92

The cyst structures of chick ultimobranchial glands were studied by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry to characterize the type of intermediate-sized filaments present in the cells lining cyst lumina. Electron microscopy showed that the majority of the lumen-bordering cells contained extensive meshworks of intermediate-sized (7-11 nm) filaments, many of which were arranged in bundles. Apical regions of C cells directly bordering on cyst lumina were also filled with thinner (5-6 nm) filaments. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that the majority of cyst epithelial cells were stained intensely with anti-keratin antiserum, but not with anti-neurofilament antiserum, which is a specific marker for neuronal differentiation. The cyst epithelium also showed moderate-to-weak immunoreactivity for actin. Subsequently, the differentiation and maturation of cyst structures related to intermediate filament expression were studied. In 18-day-old chick embryos, keratin immunoreactivity began to appear in the cell clusters destined to form cysts and in the primordial cysts with small cavities. At this time, fine networks of intermediate filaments were already detected in the cells lining the cystic cavities. At 1 day after hatching, the cysts became a consistent feature of ultimobranchial glands. Intermediate filaments associated in bundles were observed, and the intensity of immunostaining for keratins increased. Thereafter, with progressive enlargement of cysts, numbers of intermediate filaments and intensity of keratin immunoreactivity gradually increased with age. Thus, the data indicate that in cyst epithelium keratin filaments are highly organized and may confer the structural strength necessary for cells lining cyst lumina.
Anat Rec 1986 Nov
PMID:Localization of immunoreactive keratins in cyst epithelium of chick ultimobranchial glands. 243 34

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of first-trimester human decidua was examined with indirect immunofluorescence using affinity-purified antibodies to human collagen types I, III, IV, V, laminin, and fibronectin. In addition, the validity of the classification "mesenchymal-epithelioid" for differentiated decidual cells was addressed using antibodies to the intermediate filament proteins, vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, and keratin, an epithelial marker. Biosynthesis of extracellular matrix components was examined by radiolabeling of decidual explants in culture with 3H-proline, followed by immunoprecipitations of synthesized proteins with collagen type-specific antibodies. Immunofluorescence showed decidual cells are embedded in an extensive network of collagen types I and III, and intracytoplasmic staining suggested synthesis of these collagens by the decidual cells. Collagen type IV and laminin localized in the external lamina which surrounds the differentiated decidual cell, and some fluorescence was evident in the peripheral cytoplasm. Immunoreactive collagen type V was observed in close association with the external lamina and in the peridecidual matrix. Fibronectin localized throughout the decidual ECM and in fibrillar and punctuate patterns in the decidual cell cytoplasm. Differentiated decidual cells retained a "mesenchymal" intermediate filament cytoskeleton containing an abundance of vimentin filaments, but very few, if any, keratin filaments. Collagen types I, III, V, and to a lesser extent, IV, were immunoprecipitated from the medium of decidual explants after 24 hours of culture, demonstrating in vitro synthesis and secretion of these collagens by first trimester human decidua.
Anat Rec 1987 Aug
PMID:Immunolocalization of extracellular matrix proteins and collagen synthesis in first-trimester human decidua. 244 38

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies recognizing different species of keratin molecules were used to characterize the expression of keratins by epithelial cells in the murine thymus. Some of the reagent antibodies used in this study were raised against human keratins and cross-react with murine keratins. Both cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells were found to contain keratin with apparent molecular weight of 52 KD, which is considered to be associated with simple or stratified epithelium. In addition, medullary epithelial cells were found to contain other species of keratin molecules, ranging in apparent molecular weight from 40 to 67 KD. This latter population of keratins is thought to be associated with stratified and/or keratinizing epithelia.
Anat Rec 1989 Jul
PMID:Patterns of keratin expression in the murine thymus. 247 49

Six keratinising epithelia in the beagle have been studied using conventional histology and fluorescence methods to identify the nature of the keratin present. Three patterns of differentiation were identified, those present in areas of hairy skin, the foot pad and the tongue and nasal tip. In the first group, the epidermis is generally thin and exhibits a low mitotic rate but the keratin formed is mature. In the foot pad and tongue, which are examples of pressure keratinisation, the epidermis is appreciably thicker because of the presence of a phospholipid-rich cornified layer. A third form of keratinisation is seen in the nasal tip and in regions of the tongue, characterised by parakeratotic changes, high phospholipid accumulation and other features reported previously in keratinising epithelia subject to prolonged hydration.
Vet Rec 1985 Feb 02
PMID:Morphological variations in keratinising epithelia in the beagle. 258 Mar 85

The expression of intermediate filaments (IF) and desmoplakin was investigated in frog, bovine, and human (fetal) olfactory mucosa. IF are tissue-specific molecular cytoskeletal markers; desmoplakin is the major desmosomal protein. Positive immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelium and in the subepithelial Bowman's glands to keratin and to desmoplakin, indicating the epithelial nature of this tissue. Desmin, neurofilaments, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were not detected in the mucosa. The absence of neurofilaments and GFAP in the tissue containing sensory neurons and glia-like supporting cells is a unique feature and may be related to the fact that the chemosensory neurons are situated in a bonafide epithelium and are known to undergo continuous turnover. In view of the controversy regarding the expression of vimentin in the olfactory neurons, three independently derived antibodies to vimentin were used; weak or no labeling was found in the epithelium, whereas mesenchymal cells in the lamina propia were labeled with all three antibodies. Olfactory nerve fascicles in the lamina propia were heterogenously labeled: VIM 13.2 gave very weak labeling; aVimAS showed mild labeling and SBV-21 showed intensive labeling in the nerve fascicle. This heterogenous labeling pattern may suggest that olfactory vimentin is distinct in reacting only with some of the antivimentin antibodies.
Anat Rec 1988 Jul
PMID:Expression of intermediate filaments and desmoplakin in vertebrate olfactory mucosa. 305 12

Our objective was to characterize epithelial cells, lamina propria, and sites of estrogen coupling in the caput, corpus, and cauda regions of the human epididymis using antibodies to cytokeratin types; epithelial membrane antigen; laminin; type IV collagen; vimentin; desmin-, and estradiol-receptor-related protein; and immuno-histochemical techniques. Principal cells immunostain by both AE1/AE3 antibodies (keratins 1-8, 10, 13-15, and 19) and anti-pan-keratin antibodies (keratin 5, 6, and 8). Immunoreactions to both anti-keratin antibodies increase from the caput to the cauda epididymis. The principal cells only immunostained by anti-keratin 19 antibodies in the cauda and showed no reaction to keratins 10 and 11. Basal cells and apical cells immunoreact to anti-AE1/AE3, antipankeratin, and antikeratin 19 antibodies, but not to antikeratin 10 and 11 antibodies, in all three epididymal regions. The principal cells immunoreact with epithelial membrane antigen antibodies in the stereocilia and subjacent cytoplasm. This immunostaining decreased from the caput to the cauda. Antivimentin antibodies stained the apical cytoplasm of principal cells and limited areas of both principal cells and basal cells. This immunoreaction decreased from the caput to cauda. Apical cells immunostained in the three regions. Immunoreaction to ER-D5 was moderate in the principal cells, basal cells, apical cells, and muscular coat cells in the cauda. The apical cells immunostained in the three regions. Antilaminin antibodies stained the epithelial basement membrane in the three regions. Type IV collagen was detected in the basement membrane as well as around the muscular coat cells in the three regions. Immunoreaction to desmin was intense in the muscular coat cells in the three regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1993 Apr
PMID:Immunohistochemistry of the human ductus epididymis. 768 39


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