Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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The leaves of the plant Solanum malacoxylon contain 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active form of vitamin D. The effect on egg-shell thickness of supplementing the diet of laying hens with a dry powdered preparation of the leaves (DLSM) has been studied. A significnat increase in shell thickness was evident for eggs laid on the second and subsequent days of the DLSM-regimen but nor for those laid during the first 24 hours. It is suggested that the provision of high doses of the vitamin D metabolite in the form of a DLSM supplement may restore calcium binding protein levels in birds approaching the end of the first laying year and hence improve dietary calcium absorption and consequently egg-shell quality.
Vet Rec 1977 Dec 17
PMID:The effect on egg-shell thickness of the inclusion of the calcinogenic plant Solanum malacoxylon in the diet of laying hens. 60 86

New methods of tissue preparation were developed to study the morphology and distribution of calcium ions in duodenal enterocytes from normal, rachitic, and vitamin D-replete (either cholecalciferol [CC] or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-DHCC] treated) chicks. Frozen hydrated sections were prepared from cryofixed tissues by ultracryomicrotomy at -125 degrees C. Sections were subsequently freeze-dried by increasing the temperature to -100 degrees C. The latter temperature was maintained throughout both the structural and elemental analyses. In cells from normal, rachitic, and vitamin D-treated [CC] animals the brush border from lanthanum-infused tissues was electron dense and calcium-lanthanum positive by x-ray analysis. In the absence of lanthanum, i.e., sucrose-infused duodena, the microvilli were still calcium positive. In the terminal web region of normal and CC-treated enterocytes, numerous, apparently interconnected, tubules and vesicles were seen. Vacuole-like structures were also seen. Such structures were especially prominent in the enterocytes from the vitamin-treated [CC] animals. Except for the vacuoles, the tubules and vesicles were electron dense in the lanthanum-infused duodena, and clear in sucrose-infused tissues. In both instances, the structures were calcium positive. Similar, but even larger structures were seen below the terminal web. Here however, the tubules and vesicles seemed to be organized into multiple complex interconnecting networks, i.e., tubulo-vesicular complexes. Both the tubules and the vesicles seemed to be interconnected via smaller channel-like entities. The extensiveness of this structure was better appreciated in the enterocytes from lanthanum-infused tissues, where it appeared similar in structure and complexity to an en face view of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. These intestinal complexes were less well developed, decreased in number, and quite often absent, in the apical cytoplasm of absorptive cells from rachitic chicks. In the enterocytes from animals treated for 24 hours with 1,25-DHCC, the same highly developed tubulo-vesicular networks were again seen in the enterocyte apical cytoplasm. They were even more developed in the 1,25-DHCC-treated animals. All structures were intensely calcium positive in enterocytes from both the lanthanum- and the sucrose-infused preparations. Numerous endocytotic (pinocytotic) vesicles were seen at the lumenal plasmalemma. Similar structures were also apparent in the terminal web region of the 1,25-DHCC-treated enterocytes. Exocytotic vesicles were seen at the apical aspect of the lateral cell membrane, below the level of the junctional complex. All components of this unique system contained high concentrations of calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1991 Feb
PMID:Cryofixation, ultracryomicrotomy, and X-ray microanalysis of enterocytes from chick duodenum: vitamin-D-induced formation of an apical tubulovesicular system. 201 10

A cytochemical technique for the electron microscopic localization of calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) was utilized to localize this enzyme in the enterocytes of rachitic and vitamin D-replete chicks. In animals treated with cholecalciferol (CC, vitamin D3), an electron-dense reaction product was located along the basolateral membranes of the absorptive cells within 72 hr after injection. Similarly, a reaction product was identified in association with the basolateral membranes within 24 hr after injection of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active metabolite of vitamin D. A microvillar reaction product was not seen in either of these two groups. Electron-dense reaction products were also seen in association with mitochondria and scattered throughout the cytoplasm of these enterocytes. The Ca-ATPase reaction product was dependent upon the presence of medium calcium and substrate (ATP), was inhibited by vanadate, and was heat labile. In the rachitic animals, a reaction product indicative of Ca-ATPase activity was not seen in association with either the basolateral membranes or the mitochondria. These data appear to indicate that an energy-requiring calcium-activated membrane pump plays a role in the flux of calcium across the enterocytes of the small intestine.
Anat Rec 1987 Dec
PMID:Electron microscopic cytochemical localization of a basolateral calcium adenosine triphosphatase in vitamin D replete chick enterocytes. 283 84

The plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) (vitamin D3) were measured in blood samples taken from one wild rabbit and 13 pet rabbits at different times of the year. Some pet rabbits had low or undetectable plasma concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 especially if they were kept in hutches. Rabbits with more access to sunlight had higher concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Vet Rec 1999 Oct 16
PMID:Preliminary investigation of the vitamin D status of pet rabbits. 1057 78