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In mammals, wound healing is thought to result in the formation of scar tissue, with the exception of bony healing after fractures. Here we describe a previously unknown pattern of wound healing in which adipose rather than scar tissue is formed. Adipogenesis is normally confined to the embryo, although there are several experimental models for adipogenesis with highly specific dietary, cytokine, matrix, sex, or age requirements. The adipogenic healing described in this work provides a simple and reproducible experimental mouse model for adipogenesis without these limitations. Mice received intramuscular implants of nylon mesh material. Fibrinous material impregnated implants and within 4 weeks was replaced with highly vascular granulation tissue, typical of wound healing. Also consistent with wound healing was a reduction in vascularity of the newly formed tissue over time (P < 0.05). Lipoblasts were prevalent in granulation tissue, reaching a maximum in week 2 (P < 0.001) but falling to very low levels by week 9. These cells matured to adipocytes, with intermediate forms being seen. The identity of lipoblasts and adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining and electron microscopy. Control experiments confirmed that adipogenesis was independent of the materials used as well as of the sex and age of the animals. Rather, adipogenesis appeared to be due to replacement of fibrinous material in a space created within muscle. It is possible that adipogenic healing represents an adaptation for limiting the formation of restrictive scar tissues within muscle, and that this is the basis for the formation of traumatic lipomas in humans. Also, muscle tissue is replaced by adipose cells, seemingly derived from pluripotential satellite cells, in several degenerative muscle conditions, suggesting a role for adipogenic healing in these conditions.
Anat Rec 2002 May 01
PMID:Adipogenic healing in adult mice by implantation of hollow devices in muscle. 1198 89

In 2007, the baby woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) named Lyuba was found frozen in the Siberian tundra permafrost along the Yuribey River. She was proclaimed the best-preserved mammoth discovery. As part of the endoscopic examination of Lyuba, tissue samples of hair, muscle, and internal organs were taken. The sectioned biopsies were stained using standard and special histological stains. In general, the microscopic preservation of the tissue was good although no clearly identifiable cell nuclei were found by standard staining methods. Only a few cell nuclei could be identified in some samples when fluorescence stained with DAPI. The best-preserved structures were collagen fibers and muscle tissue, which gave some structural resemblance to the organs. In the hairs, evidence of pigmentation, a scaly surface, diagonal intra-hair structures, and a medulla were seen. Fat droplets could be identified with Sudan Red in the subcutaneous fat sample and in several organs. Bacteria were seen on the lumen side of the small intestine and caecum, and in the liver and lung tissue. In addition, fungi and pollen were seen in the lung sample. In the wall of the caecum and small intestine, blood vessels and nerves were visualized. Iron was identified in the vivianite sample. Some biopsies compared well structurally with the African elephant tissue sections. The histological findings support the theory that Lyuba drowned in muddy water. The microscopic tissue preservation and cell nuclei destruction indicate that Lyuba's body underwent at least one freeze-thaw cycle.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015 Jun
PMID:Histology of a Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) Preserved in Permafrost, Yamal Peninsula, Northwest Siberia. 2599 40