Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Treponema hyodysenteriae was found to survive for periods of up to 48 days in dysenteric pig faeces stored at temperatures between 0 degree C and 10 degree C inclusive. Survival was reduced to seven days at 25 degree C and did not exceed 24 hours at 37 degree C. Dilution 1:10 with tapwater appeared to enhance survival to a maximum of 61 days at 5 degree C but further dilution reduced it. Drying and exposure to disinfectants rapidly eliminated T hyodysenteriae from dysenteric faeces. Phenolic and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants were most effective. The use of these findings in the formulation of control programmes for swine dysentery is discussed.
Vet Rec 1978 Jul 22
PMID:Factors affecting the survival of Treponema hyodysenteriae in dysenteric pig faeces. 68 4

Twelve disinfectant products or compounds were evaluated for their ability to kill Microsporum canis harvested from naturally infected material. The disinfectants were diluted to the concentration recommended for the disinfection of clean surfaces and the potency of each substance was determined by the degree to which it could be further diluted before losing its fungicidal action. Hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde based compounds were the most effective agents and phenolics, alcohol and anionic detergents were inadequate. Urea (10 mM) did not adversely affect the potency of any of the compounds.
Vet Rec 1991 Sep 14
PMID:Disinfectants in the control of small animal ringworm due to Microsporum canis. 195 60

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy probably results from the use of commercial diets containing scrapie-contaminated ingredients. Of all the chemical and physical decontamination procedures which are effective against conventional viruses, only high temperature autoclaving, high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, and possibly molar sodium hydroxide, are useful against the group of unconventional transmissible agents which includes scrapie. The implications of this problem for the rendering industry and farm practice are discussed.
Vet Rec 1989 Mar 25
PMID:Scrapie agent decontamination: implications for bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 249 90

There is little information available concerning the effects of functional and therapeutic forces on Sharpey fibers and adjacent bone matrix. In the present study, springs were placed between the left first and second maxillary molar teeth of rats and retained for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. The right side served as a control. Tissues from sham-operated, untreated animals were also studied. Maxillae were removed, fractured, rendered anorganic with sodium hypochlorite, and then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some tissues were demineralized and examined by high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). Sharpey fibers were studied at the alveolar wall and at the midline of the interdental septum (intra-septal Sharpey fibers). In 5-day experimental tissues, SEM showed intra-septal Sharpey fibers had either a reduced number of, or lacked, unmineralized cores. Unit collagen fibrils in 5-day tissues viewed by HVEM were densely packed into Sharpey fibers which had no afibrillar areas. Sharpey fibers at the alveolar wall demonstrated no observable changes in morphology or in pattern of mineralization. After 5 days of spring placement, the mean diameters of intra-septal fibers were significantly less than those at the alveolar wall (p less than 0.001). The disparity in Sharpey fiber diameters of treated and untreated control animals suggests that untreated controls are essential to the design of studies of rodent tooth movement. This study suggests that orthodontic tooth movement produces changes in the morphology and mineralization patterns of Sharpey fibers which might affect the mechanical strength of the periodontium.
Anat Rec 1987 Sep
PMID:Effects of orthodontic forces on the morphology and diameter of Sharpey fibers of the alveolar bone of the rat. 368 56