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Natural recombinant Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates were detected in Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary and Slovakia. Despite different geographical origins and dates of isolation, all the recombinant isolates were closely related at the molecular level and shared the same recombination breakpoint as well as a typical signature in their N-terminal coat protein sequence, suggesting a common origin. Biological assays with four recombinant isolates demonstrated their capacity to be aphid-transmitted to various Prunus hosts. One of these isolates had a threonine-to-isoleucine mutation in the conserved PTK motif of its HC-Pro and showed a drastically decreased, although not abolished, aphid transmissibility. The complete genome sequence of one of the recombinant isolates, BOR-3, was determined, as well as some partial sequences in the HC-Pro and P3 genes for additional natural recombinant isolates. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships between the recombinant isolates and other sequenced PPV isolates confirmed that the recombinant isolates form a phylogenetically homogeneous lineage. In addition, this analysis revealed an ancient recombination event between the PPV-D and M subgroups, with a recombination breakpoint located in the P3 gene. Taken together, these results indicate that recombinant isolates represent an evolutionarily successful, homogeneous group of isolates with a common history and unique founding recombination event. The name PPV-Rec is proposed for this coherent ensemble of isolates.
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PMID:Geographically and temporally distant natural recombinant isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) are genetically very similar and form a unique PPV subgroup. 1530 61

The genomic sequence of an El Amar isolate of plum pox virus (PPV) from Egypt was determined by sequencing overlapping cDNA fragments. This is the first complete sequence of a member of the El Amar (EA) strain of PPV. The genome consists of 9791 nt, excluding a poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. The complete nt sequence of PPV EA is 79-80%, 80%, 77%, and 77% homologous with isolates of strains D/M, Rec (BOR3), C, and W, respectively. The polyprotein identity ranged from 87-91%. Phylogenetic analysis using the complete genome sequence of PPV EA confirmed its strain status. No significant recombination signals were identified using PhylPro and SimPlot scans of the PPV EA sequence, however an interesting recombination signal was identified in the P1/HC-Pro region of PPV W3174.
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PMID:The complete genome sequence of an El Amar isolate of plum pox virus (PPV) and its phylogenetic relationship to other PPV strains. 1639 50

Sixteen Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates collected in the Ankara region of Turkey were analyzed using available serological and molecular typing assays. Surprisingly, despite the fact that all isolates except one, which was a mix infection, were typed as belonging to the PPV-M strain in four independent molecular assays, nine of them (60%) reacted with both PPV-M specific and PPV-D specific monoclonal antibodies. Partial 5' and 3' genomic sequence analysis on four isolates demonstrated that irrespective of their reactivity towards the PPV-D specific monoclonal antibody, they were all closely related to a recombinant PPV isolate from Turkey, Ab-Tk. All three isolates for which the relevant genomic sequence was obtained showed the same recombination event as Ab-Tk in the HC-Pro gene, around position 1566 of the genome. Complete genomic sequencing of Ab-Tk did not provide evidence for additional recombination events in its evolutionary history. Taken together, these results indicate that a group of closely related PPV isolates characterized by a unique recombination in the HC-Pro gene is prevalent under field conditions in the Ankara region of Turkey. Similar to the situation with the PPV-Rec strain, we propose that these isolates represent a novel strain of PPV, for which the name PPV-T (Turkey) is proposed. Given that PPV-T isolates cannot be identified by currently available typing techniques, it is possible that their presence has been overlooked in other situations. Further efforts should allow a precise description of their prevalence and of their geographical distribution in Turkey and, possibly, in other countries.
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PMID:Further characterization of a new recombinant group of Plum pox virus isolates, PPV-T, found in orchards in the Ankara province of Turkey. 1942 44