Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
Vet Rec 1977 Jan 15
PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

The skin of the giraffe has the same general histological structure as that of other mammals, but there are notable features. The skin is heavily pigmented with the epidermis, pilary canals, and the outer cell layer of the apocrine duct richly melanized. Furthermore, melanotic dendritic cells are frequently found in the sebaceous glands, the entire length of the external root sheath, and the secretory tubules of the apocrine glands. The thick skin has a papillary dermis that extends to just beneath the secretory coils of the apocrine glands and bulbs of hair follicles and an equally thick reticular layer below these structures. The hair follicles do not grow in clusters, and with some regional variations, have associated sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles. Only the large hairs have a prominent medulla. In such specialized regions as the eyelids, nose, and lips, the apocrine glands are surrounded by cholinesterase-reactive nerves but the glands on the general body surface are not. The only specialized nerve receptors are hair follicle end organs found on every hair of the eyelids, nose, and lips, but only rarely elsewhere.
Anat Rec 1976 May
PMID:The skin of the giraffe. 126 97

The conduction velocity and histological structure of motoneurons innervating normal and hypertrophied rat plantaris muscles were investigated. Hypertrophy was produced by ablation of synergist muscles. Single motor units were obtained by ventral root dissection and conduction velocities measured. The structure of neurons was investigated following retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. A combined silver, gold and cholinesterase staining method was developed to study the motor endplate. In addition, the peripheral nerve was fixed, embedded in Araldite, and sectioned for determination of axonal size and myelin thickness. Conduction velocity of motor axons decreased following hypertrophy of the skeletal muscle (control CV = 75.8 +/- 8.9 m s-1, n = 94, hypertrophy CV = 69.0 +/- 12.3 m s-1, n = 84). However, no alteration in the size of motor axons or myelin thickness could account for this alteration in conduction velocity. Mean motoneuronal soma size decreased following muscle hypertrophy (soma diameter: control 36.1 +/- 4.6 microns, n = 283, hypertrophy 32.9 +/- 4.5 microns, n = 294). The complexity of the motor endplate increased following hypertrophy with an increased occurrence of nodal sprouts. In addition, the area of cholinesterase staining increased following hypertrophy (control 588.1 +/- 297.2 microns 2, n = 269, hypertrophy 857.7 +/- 357.0 microns 2, n = 269). This study found that both the morphological and physiological parameters of motoneurons innervating a hypertrophied muscle were shifted toward those of normal rat slow motor units.
Anat Rec 1991 Jan
PMID:Functional and structural changes of rat plantaris motoneurons following compensatory hypertrophy of the muscle. 199 79

The types, structure, and distribution of encapsulated sensory endings that have lamellar investments in the oral mucosa and vermilion border of the lip of adult dogs were studied by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry for cholinesterase was used to identify the corpuscules by light microscopy. Two different types of corpuscular end-organs containing definite inner cores were distinguished. One was a typical, simple corpuscle, which contains only one, but sometimes two, inner cores composed of densely piled cytoplasmic lamellae surrounding a central axon terminal. The other type was characterized by the coexistence of convoluted inner cores, arborized free endings, and thin nerve bundles within a perineural capsule; we term this type "compound corpuscle." The ultrastructure of the inner cores in compound corpuscles was similar to that of mature, simple corpuscles. The arborized free endings in the compound corpuscles usually contained an accumulation of mitochondria and small clear vesicles. The compound corpuscles were frequently encountered in the vermilion border of the lip and in the labial and buccal mucosae but were rare in the masticatory mucosa of the gingiva and hard palate. From the results, it was concluded that the compound corpuscle is a distinct type of the sensory end-organ containing inner cores.
Anat Rec 1987 Jan
PMID:Distinct types of encapsulated sensory corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the dog: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. 345 69

This morphologic study compares the regenerative response in submandibular gland (SMG) autografts placed in the tongues of previously sympathectomized rats to autografts placed in tongues of sham-sympathectomized rats. We hypothesized that sympathectomy would alter the process of cellular proliferation and inhibit cytodifferentiation in regenerating SMG autografts. Either 1 week, or 8 to 11 weeks following the SMG autografting procedure, the rats were sacrificed and their tongues were removed and sectioned in a cryostat. Frozen tissue sections containing the SMG autografts were either reacted for cholinesterase activity, treated with a glyoxylic acid mixture to induce histofluorescence, or stained for histologic examination. In addition, 3H-thymidine labeled and unlabeled cells were counted in autoradiographs of 1-week autografts, and these counts were used to calculate labeling indices. The 1-week SMG autografts from both the sympathectomized and the sham-sympathectomized rats were similar in histologic appearance, and neither group of autografts contained cholinesterase-positive or monoaminergic nerve fibers. The 8- to 11-week autografts from sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized rats contained cholinesterase-positive fibers, but monoaminergic fibers were present in the autografts only from the sham-operated rats. Acinar cells were observed in one-third of the 8- to 11-week autografts of both the sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized rats. This finding suggests that sympathectomy did not prelude cytodifferentiation in the autografts. The autoradiographic data revealed no statistically significant difference between the mean labeling indices of the 1-week autografts from the sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized rats, which suggests that sympathectomy also did not alter the level of cellular proliferation in the autografts.
Anat Rec 1987 Aug
PMID:Regeneration of submandibular gland autografts in sympathectomized rats. 366 40

In this investigation we have combined the methods of ultrastructural demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity with electron microscopic autoradiography for the demonstration of norepinephrine uptake. The results show electron-dense deposits indicative of acetylcholinesterase activity associated with perivascular axons overlaid by concentrations of silver grains representing exogenous tritiated norepinephrine. Forty-five percent of the intervaricose regions and 19% of the varicosities overlaid by autoradiographic grains showed "moderate" amounts of cholinesterase staining. A greater proportion of autoradiographic grains was observed on the varicosities than in the intervaricose regions; however, the amount of acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in the intervaricose regions than in the varicosities. This investigation provides evidence for the presence of periaxonal acetylcholinesterase staining in adrenergic axons in the rat kidney.
Anat Rec 1983 Feb
PMID:Simultaneous ultrastructural visualization of acetylcholinesterase activity and tritiated norepinephrine uptake in renal nerves. 684 69

Histochemical reactions which demonstrate cholinesterase reactions in tissues were used for slides of serial frozen sections of hearts of pigs, dogs, and rats to determine whether there are special types of modified muscle cells in continuous pathways from the SA (sinoatrial) to the AV (atrioventricular) node. There were positive reactions for acetylcholinesterase with less reaction for butyryl cholinesterase in ganglion cells and nerve fibers. No continuous pathways of cholinesterase-reacting cardiac muscle fibers from the SA to the AV node were identified although the muscle fibers were in intimate relation with the nerve fibers. No cells of Purkinje type were demonstrated in the atria.
Anat Rec 1981 Sep
PMID:A restudy of cardiac conduction pathways by techniques for visualization of cholinesterase reaction. 703 Jan 46

Lamprey, Entosphenus japonicus, cerebral blood vessel autonomic nerve supply was studied with fluorescence and cholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy. Nerve fibers emitting a yellow fluorescence characteristic of serotonin (Exc./Em. max.; 380/530 nm) were found on the major cerebral and pial arteries, but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive ones. Single ganglion cells also emitting a strong yellow fluorescence were seen in the artery adventitia. On rare occasions these cells were observed in pairs. Terminal varicosities of central catecholamine-containing nerves (Exc./Em. max.; 410/475 nm) were observed on parenchymal capillaries, but not central AChE-positive nerve terminals. In ganglion cells, dense cored vesicles (ca. 130 nm in average diameter; DCV) were abundant in the Golgi area, suggesting their formation at this site. Two types of DCV were observed; one with a homogeneous dense core and the other with a granular core. DCV were numerous in axons as well, axons in which many small clear vesicles (40--60 nm in diameter) as well as DCV were occasionally observed. The question of whether the small clear vesicles or the DCV contained serotonin could not be resolved.
Anat Rec 1980 Dec
PMID:A histochemical and ultrastructural study of serotonin-containing nerves in cerebral blood vessels of the lamprey. 721 16

A 20-year-old Arab crossbred gelding was examined because it had apparently suffered an overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system for three hours. The clinical signs consisted of hypersalivation, profuse sweating, maximal miosis, fasciculation of the muscles and lateral recumbency in combination with continuous convulsions without diarrhoea. The horse's plasma pseudocholinesterase activity was approximately 10 per cent of normal. It responded well to 10 mg atropine and 50 mg diazepam administered intravenously.
Vet Rec 1995 Nov 25
PMID:Inhibition of pseudocholinesterase activity in a 20-year-old gelding. 864 36

In order to study the changes in the pattern of autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system in relation to age, the innervation of the conduction system of 24 human hearts (the age of the individuals ranged from newborn to 80 years), freshly obtained at autopsy, was evaluated by a combination of immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques. The pattern of distribution and density of nerves exhibiting immunoreactivity against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), a general neural marker, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicators for presumptive sympathetic neural tissue, and those demonstrating positive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were studied. All these nerves showed a similar pattern of distribution and developmental changes. The density of innervation, assessed semiquantitatively, was highest in the sinus node, and exhibited a decreasing gradient through the atrioventricular node, penetrating and branching bundle, to the bundle branches. Other than a paucity of those showing AChE activity, nerves were present in substantial quantities in infancy. They then increased in density to a maximum in childhood, at which time the adult pattern was achieved and then gradually decreased in density in the elders to a level similar to or slightly less than that in infancy. In contrast, only scattered AChE-positive nerves were found in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, but were absent from the bundle branches of the infant heart, whereas these conduction tissues themselves possessing a substantial amount of pseudocholinesterase. During maturation into adulthood, however, the conduction tissues gradually lost their content of pseudocholinesterase but acquired a rich supply of AChE-positive nerves, comparable in density to those of DBH and TH nerves. The decline in density of AChE-positive nerves in the conduction tissues in the elders was also similar to those of DBH and TH nerves. Our findings of initial sympathetic dominance in the neural supply to the human cardiac conduction system in infancy, and its gradual transition into a sympathetic and parasympathetic codominance in adulthood, correlate well with the physiologic alterations known to occur in cardiac rate during postnatal development. The finding of reduction in density of innervation of the conduction tissue with ageing is also in agreement with clinical and electrophysiological findings such as age-associated reduction in cardiac response to parasympathetic stimulation. Finally, our findings also support the hypothesis that, in addition to the para-arterial route, the parafascicular route of extension along the conduction tissue constitutes another pathway for the innervation of the conduction system of the human heart during development.
Anat Rec 2001 10 01
PMID:Autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system: changes from infancy to senility--an immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis. 1159 May 94


1 2 Next >>