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In trials conducted in 1984 and 1985, the effects of selenium injections on the antibody responses of lambs marginally deficient in selenium to Salmonella dublin were assessed. Control lambs (mean glutathione peroxidase [GSHPx] less than 20 iu/ml) responded well to the vaccine. No difference was observed in the antibody titres of animals treated twice with 5 mg selenium as sodium selenate. During the following season animals given 50 mg selenium as barium selenate showed slightly higher titres than controls. The results show that marginally selenium deficient lambs are able to elicit strong antibody titres to a bacterial antigen and that supplementation with selenium produces, at best, a marginal enhancement of the responses observed.
Vet Rec 1986 Oct 25
PMID:Selenium supplementation in lambs: effects on antibody responses to a salmonella vaccine. 378 4

Twenty Angus cross heifers were fed a complete diet which contained 0.07 mg selenium/kg dry matter. Thirteen were injected subcutaneously with barium selenate at a dose rate of approximately 1 mg selenium/kg bodyweight and seven remained untreated. All the heifers were slaughtered during the following 121 days, the last of the treated group 119 days after injection. Glutathione peroxidase activity in blood increased within four weeks of administration and remained high thereafter. The selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activity did not increase in liver kidney or muscle. The concentrations of selenium in the blood, liver and muscle were increased significantly from 30 days until 119 days. Between 76 and 99 per cent of the selenium injected remained at the site of injection.
Vet Rec 1985 Oct 19
PMID:Barium selenate injections in cattle: effects on selenium concentrations in plasma and liver and residues at site of injection. 407 29

A number of plasma biochemical parameters were examined in five outbreaks of runting in broiler chickens. In four of the five outbreaks, runts showed consistent elevations in plasma amylase activity and reductions in glutathione peroxidase activity. In two of the five outbreaks the plasma vitamin E concentration was reduced, as was the activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase. A highly significant number of runted chickens were found to have pancreatic degeneration, elevated plasma amylase activity and reduced plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, compared with non-runted chickens. The implications of these changes are discussed in relation to the aetiology of runting and stunting syndrome and, in particular, the possible involvement of selenium.
Vet Rec 1984 Nov 10
PMID:Pancreatic degeneration in broilers with runting and stunting syndrome. 608 56

The results of a field trial on 18 farms on the effects of dosing ewes with a commercial trace element supplemented to provide 5 mg selenium, 6.5 mg cobalt, 500,000 iu vitamin A, 12,000 iu vitamin D3 and 100 iu vitamin E two weeks before joining the ram showed no beneficial effect on reproductive performance. The mean level of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) ranged in control ewes from 8.7 to 58.6 units/ml erythrocytes. Reproductive responses to the treatment varied between farms but the variation was not related to flock selenium status as indicated by the GSH-Px test.
Vet Rec 1984 May 26
PMID:Effects of a single oral dose of a commercial selenium cobalt and vitamin preparation on ewe fertility. 633 Sep 63

During the grazing seasons of 1978 and 1979, 126 Hereford cross Friesian and 25 Charolais cross Friesian steers were used in controlled trials of the effects of injecting them with copper and, or, selenium. In both seasons the unsupplemented steers had low blood concentrations of copper, selenium and glutathione peroxidase, whereas the supplemented steers maintained their serum copper concentrations within the normal range and had significantly higher whole blood concentrations of selenium and glutathione peroxidase than the unsupplemented animals. Supplementing the steers with 400 mg copper during 1978 increased their growth rate by 0.032 kg/day and supplementing them with 200 mg copper during 1979 increased it by 0.080 kg/day. Supplementing the steers in each year with two doses of selenium, each of 0.15 mg selenium/kg bodyweight, increased their growth rate by 0.041 kg/day in 1978 and by 0.060 kg/day in 1979. There was no interaction between the selenium and copper treatments and the total increases in liveweight gains due to both supplements were around 11 kg in 1978 and 16 kg in 1979.
Vet Rec 1983 Oct 22
PMID:Effects of selenium and copper supplementation on the growth of beef steers. 641 81

A modified fluorescent spot-test procedure for the determination of glutathione peroxidase activity in whole blood is described. After correcting for differences in the packed cell volumes of blood samples the times required for the defluorescence of reduced nicotinamide dinucleutide phosphate in spot tests were correlated in a logarithmic manner with glutathione peroxidase activities measured spectrophotometrically. Since the glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration in whole blood samples of sheep are linearly related an equation was generated for the estimate of the selenium concentration in the blood of sheep using spot-test indices. The sensitivity and repeatability of the spot-test procedure allows it to be used for the routine screening of large numbers of blood samples.
Vet Rec 1980 Aug 30
PMID:Modified fluorescent spot test for glutathione peroxidase and selenium concentration in sheep blood. 744 6

Six of the 33 calves born in a Swedish dairy herd during a period of four months developed laminitis when they were eight to 12 weeks old. The clinical signs included difficulty in rising, a stiff gait, overgrown claws and haemorrhages in the sole horn. Samples of blood were taken from four of the calves when they had shown signs of laminitis for two to seven weeks; the serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and glutathione peroxidase, and the patterns of serum proteins were within their normal ranges. The feet of the same four calves were examined after slaughter; the third phalanx of each calf was rotated and its distal end osteolytic. Histologically there was separation and degeneration of the squamous cells of the white line, and thromboses and vasculitis in the fine vessels of the corium. Four of the six affected calves were persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and one had antibodies against the virus. From six weeks of age the calves had been fed rye wheat, a hybrid seed rich in starch, and this may have contributed to the outbreak of laminitis.
Vet Rec 1997 May 31
PMID:Laminitis in young dairy calves fed a high starch diet and with a history of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. 919 98

The relationships between some soil parameters and blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in 15-day-old lambs was studied on 18 sheep farms. Soil samples were analysed for the proportions of sand, silt and clay, pH, and the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, iron, nitrogen and sulphates. On the farms where the lambs had adequate GSHPx activity (> or = 130 i.u./g Hb) the soils contained significantly more clay, phosphorus and sulphates, and significantly less iron and nitrogen, than on the farms where the lambs did not have adequate GSHPx activity.
Vet Rec 1997 Sep 13
PMID:Relationships between some soil parameters and the blood glutathione peroxidase activity of grazing sheep. 931 40

In order to clarify the role of antioxidant enzymes in the male rat submandibular gland against short-term normobaric oxygenation, we performed immunocytochemical staining of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferases (GST alpha, GST mu, and GST pi) between days 1 and 7 after normobaric oxygenation. Ultrastructural alterations and immunoreactivities for malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation-related molecule, of the acinar and ductal cells after the oxygenation were also investigated. Immunoreactivity for MDA was exhibited in the acinar cells throughout the experiment. On the other hand, immunoreactivity for the SODs, CAT, and GSTs was not altered, when compared to that of controls, but was significantly elevated in the granular, striated, and excretory ductal cells. Since an increase of lipid peroxidation as indicated by enhanced immunoreactivity for MDA was detected in the acinar and intercalated ductal cells, the results indicate that the enhanced antioxidant enzymes in the granular, striated, and excretory ductal cells play a crucial role in the self-defense system of the male rat submandibular gland against normobaric oxygenation.
Anat Rec 2002 Dec 01
PMID:Enhanced immunocytochemical expression of antioxidant enzymes in rat submandibular gland after normobaric oxygenation. 1242 Feb 85

The effects on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds of three types of copper- and selenium-containing mineral supplements was investigated. As the cows on each farm were dried off they were allocated to one of three treatment groups, and treated with either subcutaneous injections of copper and selenium, or two matrix intraruminal trace element boluses, or two glass intraruminal trace element boluses. When the data from the 406 cows on the three farms were combined, there was a significant difference between the conception rates of the three groups (P < 0.001). The cows treated with the glass boluses conceived at a rate 1.8 times greater than those treated by injection (P < 0.001), and at a rate 1.5 times greater than those treated with matrix boluses (P = 0.002). These differences were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of service resulting in a conception in the group treated with glass boluses than in the group treated by injection (P = 0.004). After adjusting for time from calving, time from treatment, time of year and farm, there was a significant (P = 0.012) difference in glutathione peroxidase activities between the treatments, with the group treated by injection having a significantly lower activity than the groups treated with boluses.
Vet Rec 2004 May 22
PMID:Effects of three types of trace element supplementation on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds. 1571 13


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