Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cellular localization and regional distribution of insulin- and glucagonlike substance, C-peptide-like immunoreactivity, thiol:protein disulphide oxidoreductase, TPO (E.C.1.8.4.2.), and insulin/glucagon-specific proteinase, ISP (E.C.3.4.22.-), are studied in the CNS of man, adult and juvenile rats, mice, tortoises, and frogs by use of immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the content of immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide was estimated in human cadaver brains by radioimmunoassay. It could be shown that insulinlike immunoreactive material is widely distributed in the human brain and the CNS of juvenile rats as well as in mice, whereas in the CNS of adult rats and nonmammalian animals (frogs, tortoises) the polypeptide is restricted to a few nerve cell populations. C-peptide immunoreactivity was demonstrated in human CNS in the same nerve cells as insulin. By use of two different glucagon-antisera it was revealed that gut-type glucagon occurs in many nerve cells of human and mouse brains, as well as in the CNS of juvenile rats. On the other hand, pancreas-type glucagon was less widely distributed in the human brain and nearly not detectable in the CNS of mice and rats. With the exception of neurosecretory nerve cells, there was a high degree of coincidence between the localization of insulin and TPO. The immunoreaction against the ISP antiserum was weak, but correlated well with the distribution of insulin-immunoreactivity. The occurrence of TPO and ISP in the brain demonstrates the ability of nervous tissue to degrade insulin and glucagon. By radioimmunoassay it was established that human brain contains insulin, glucagon and C-peptide at concentrations that exceed blood levels. We conclude from our data that, at least in part, cerebral insulin and glucagon are products of the brain itself.
Anat Rec 1983 Sep
PMID:Insulin- and glucagonlike peptides in the brain. 635 89

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural features of human megakaryocytes cultured in vitro. For this purpose, pluripotent CD34(+) (cluster of differentiation 34) hematopoietic progenitor cells, obtained from the peripheral blood of healthy adult donors, were differentiated along the megakaryocytic lineage in liquid cultures by the addition of the megakaryocyte-specific growth factor thrombopoietin (TPO, 100 ng/ml). After only 6-8 days, virtually all of the CD34-derived cells expressed the early megakaryocytic CD61 antigen, while, after 15-16 days, most cells also expressed the late megakaryocytic CD42a antigen. Ultrastructural analysis of cells obtained after 7 days of culture showed aspects typical of developing megakaryocytes (MK), such as formation of platelet territories and cytoplasmic fragmentation. At later (15-16 day) culture times, two distinct cell populations were observed: fully developed megakaryocytes releasing platelets into the culture medium and senescent megakaryocytes, characterized by morphological features of apoptosis. Analysis of DNA fragmentation in these cells revealed that apoptosis in megakaryocytes occurred in the absence of the internucleosomic cleavage, which is characteristic of most, but not all, types of apoptosis in cells of hematopoietic origin. On the other hand, flow cytometry of the DNA content of senescent megakaryocytes showed a subdiploid peak that was likely due to a loss of micronuclei during processing.
Anat Rec 2000 01 01
PMID:Ultrastructural characterization of maturation, platelet release, and senescence of human cultured megakaryocytes. 1060 52