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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postural muscles have many type I myofibers, which reacted strongly for acid-stable myosin ATPase and were unreactive for alkali-stable myosin ATPase (Ariano et al., J. Histochem. Cytochem., 21:51-55, 1973; Armstrong et al., Am. J. Anat., 163:87-98, 1982; Smith et al., J. Neurophysiol., 40:503-513, 1977). House shrews (Suncus murinus) keep abducting their limbs in locomotion and hardly lift their trunk off the ground. The limb muscles of Suncus were examined by histochemical methods to determine whether the locomotory and postural behavior is related to the proportion of type I myofibers. The observation of whole cross sections from the triceps surae, flexor digitorum superficialis, quadriceps femoris, and caudally situated muscles in the thigh showed that all myofibers of these muscles were unreactive for acid-stable myosin ATPase and strongly reactive for alkali-stable myosin ATPase: Those were classified as type II myofibers. Type II myofibers showed a weak (type IIB), moderate (type IIAB), or strong (type IIA) reaction for NADH tetrazolium reductase. Part of type IIA myofibers reacted weakly to moderately for menadione-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (m-GPD), which predominated in the soleus muscle. Type IIAB, type IIB, and the remainder of type IIA myofibers reacted strongly for m-GPD. The limb muscles contained subtypes of type II myofibers but no type I myofibers. In Suncus murinus, type I myofibers specialized for a postural maintenance may not be required because all myofibers function exclusively for propulsion.
Anat Rec 1990 Sep
PMID:Composition of myofiber types in limb muscles of the house shrew (Suncus murinus): lack of type I myofibers. 214 5

The fatigue characteristics and the activities of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes were determined in tetrodotoxin (TTX)-induced disuse muscles and in muscles of animals recovering from TTX-induced disuse (TTX-rec). In addition, the effects of additional daily exercise (grid-climbing and swimming) on the fatigue and metabolic profiles of muscles from TTX-rec and control animals were investigated. The activities of citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were depressed following 28 days of inactivity produced by the chronic neural application of TTX. The response of these muscles to a pattern of stimulation that has been used to classify fast-twitch motor units according to their fatigability (6) (330 ms, 40 Hz, l/s, 4 min) was not affected to any great extent by inactivity, except for a loss in the ability to summate or maintain forces during each 330-ms burst, as fatigue developed. After 28 days of recovery, the concentration of CS had returned to normal, whereas the concentrations of PFK and alpha-GPD remained depressed. TTX-rec muscles, on the other hand, appeared more resistant to fatigue than control muscles, based on several indices of muscle fatigue. Control and TTX muscles responded similarly to daily training. Swimming but not climbing increased the activity of CS and the fatigue resistance of the muscle. Neither exercise influenced the activity of PFK and alpha-GPD. Although the activity of CS was influenced by the level of neuromuscular usage, the former did not appear to play a dominant role in determining the fatigue resistance of the muscle, emphasizing the need to consider other factors as primary determinants of muscle fatigue.
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PMID:Recovery of muscle from tetrodotoxin-induced disuse and the influence of daily exercise. 2. Muscle enzymes and fatigue characteristics. 297 Sep 77

The architectural arrangement and selected histochemical properties of hepatocytes in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were examined. Light and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination following fixation by portal venous perfusion revealed a tubular arrangement of hepatocytes. Lobules, as defined in the adult mammal, were absent. Biliary epithelial cells associated with bile preductules and ductules were a prominent feature of trout liver. Patterns and location of reaction products for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), enzymes preferentially distributed in mammalian liver, were demonstrated in trout liver. A slightly heavier staining pattern for G-6-Pase was seen around presumptive portal venules but all other enzyme reaction patterns were uniform throughout the liver parenchyma. Following ATPase localization, four sizes of biliary passageways (canaliculi, bile preductules, ductules, and ducts) were visualized. Maximum glycogen retention was achieved with freeze-drying and glycolmethacrylate embedding and with this method intense, uniform glycogen staining was observed in all areas of the liver. Companion TEM examinations revealed large depots of glycogen within hepatocytes. The results are important for interpretation and description of the effects of toxic/carcinogenic alteration on trout liver.
Anat Rec 1985 Oct
PMID:Functional units in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver: I. Arrangement and histochemical properties of hepatocytes. 300 Feb 24

Architectural arrangement, ultrastructure, and selected histochemical properties of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) liver were examined. Although hematopoietic tissue (1-4 cells thick) invested the liver, direct vascular communication between this tissue and hepatic parenchyma was not observed. The liver was intensely positive when stained with Oil-red-O and periodic acid-Schiff reagent and connective tissue was limited to large vascular channels and the capsule. A distinctive polarity was observed in the hepatic vascular system when lobes were viewed in cross section. Dorsally, portal venules accompanied arterioles and branches of the biliary system, while tributaries of hepatic veins were observed ventrally. Following perfusion fixation, hepatocytes appeared as sheets of cells 1-5 cells thick; however, lobules as defined in adult mammalian liver were absent. Hepatocytes contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, electron-dense lysosomes, patches of granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets. Continuous endothelial cells lined sinusoids and exhibited fenestrae organized into structures similar to sieve plates observed in mammalian liver. Variable numbers of melanin-containing macrophages and subendothelial macrophages were observed; however, Kupffer cells and lipid containing perisinusoidal fat-storing cells were not seen. Patterns of reaction product for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were localized in the newt liver. All enzymes exhibited a uniform distribution pattern; however, small punctate regions of intensely positive G-6-PDH cells were noted within hepatic parenchyma. Cells comprising the hematopoietic tissue were intensely positive for G-6-Pase, G-6-PHD, and negative for SDH.
Anat Rec 1987 Apr
PMID:Morphologic and histochemical analysis of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) liver. 303 62

Ultrastructural, functional, and cytochemical characteristics of resident sinusoidal macrophages (RSM) in brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) liver were examined. Following perfusion fixation of the hepatic vascular bed, light micrographs revealed RSM that possessed multiple elongate cytoplasmic processes and frequently contained erythrocytes in various stages of degradation. Following brief perfusion fixation, light microscope examination of vibratome sections of bullhead liver reacted for peroxidase revealed intensely positive RSM. By transmission electron microscopy, peroxidase activity was localized to the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic granules of RSM and in endothelial and perisinusoidal fat-storing cells. In cryostat sections of fresh-frozen liver, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) was uniformly distributed over hepatocytes, whereas intensely positive punctate staining for G-6-PDH was localized over RSM. To test for phagocytosis by RSM, latex beads (0.81 micron) were injected into a tributary of the hepatic portal vein 2 min prior to perfusion fixation. Latex beads appeared either singly or in dense aggregates within RSM. Ultrastructurally, RSM were characterized by an irregularly shaped, eccentrically located nucleus, electron-dense vacuoles, small patches of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, elongated mitochondria, desmosomes or desmosome-like densities that served as a source of attachment to endothelial cells, and a centriole with radiating microtubules. Invaginations of the plasma membrane (vermiform processes) characteristic of mammalian Kupffer cells were not observed in bullhead RSM. The results indicated a resident cell population of sinusoidal macrophages in the bullhead liver with properties that partially resembled mammalian Kupffer cells. These results are important for the identification of the normal resident cells in the bullhead liver.
Anat Rec 1987 Dec
PMID:Resident sinusoidal macrophages in the liver of the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus): an ultrastructural, functional and cytochemical study. 344 51

A pericentric inversion of a human X chromosome and a recombinant X chromosome [rec(X)] derived from crossing-over within the inversion was identified in a family. The rec(X) had a duplication of the segment Xq26.3----Xqter and a deletion of Xp22.3----Xpter and was interpreted to be Xqter----Xq26.3::Xp22.3----Xqter. To characterize the rec(X) chromosome, dosage blots were done on genomic DNA from carriers of this rearranged X chromosome using a number of X chromosome probes. Results showed that anonymous sequences from the distal end of the long arm to which probes 4D8, Hx120A, DX13, and St14 bind as well as the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were duplicated on the rec(X). Mouse-human cell hybrids were constructed that retained the rec(X) in the active or inactive state. Analyses of these hybrid clones for markers from the distal short arm of the X chromosome showed that the rec(X) retained the loci for steroid sulfatase (STS) and the cell surface antigen 12E7 (MIC2); but not the pseudoautosomal sequence 113D. These molecular studies confirm that the rec(X) is a duplication-deficiency chromosome as expected. In the inactive state in cell hybrids, STS and MIC2 (which usually escape X chromosome inactivation) were expressed from the rec(X), whereas G6PD was not. Therefore, in the rec(X) X chromosome inactivation has spread through STS and MIC2 leaving these loci unaffected and has inactivated G6PD in the absence of an inactivation center in the q26.3----qter region of the human X chromosome. The mechanism of spreading of inactivation appears to operate in a sequence-specific fashion. Alternatively, STS and MIC2 may have undergone inactivation initially but could not be maintained in an inactive state.
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PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular studies on a recombinant human X chromosome: implications for the spreading of X chromosome inactivation. 347 36

The structure and enzymatic content of rat and hamster preovulatory follicles were examined using morphologic, qualitative, and quantitative cytochemical techniques. Interfollicular structure in both types was similar but lipid droplet distribution differed. The rat theca contained many more droplets than the hamster, while the hamster membrana granulosa contained more droplets than the rat. delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta OHD) activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) Types IH and IIH generation were measured using quantitative cytochemistry. Rat theca and granulosa contained more 3 beta OHD activity than found in comparable regions in hamster. G-6-PD Type IH and Type IIH generation were the same in comparable regions of rat and hamster, but in rat there was more Type IIH than IH, while the converse existed in hamster. These differences and their relationship to follicular steroid production are discussed.
Anat Rec 1984 Oct
PMID:A comparison of rat and hamster preovulatory follicles: an examination of differences in morphology and enzyme activity using qualitative and quantitative analyses. 659 53

A comparison of the anatomy, fiber type profiles, and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles was undertaken in the cat. Isometric contractile characteristics were measured for each muscle. Three muscle fiber types, FG, FOG, and SO, were differentiated by staining cross sections of each muscle for ATPase, NADH diaphorase, SDH, and alpha-GPD activities. The wrist flexor muscles ranged from less than 1% to 49% SO fiber content; with two of the five heads of the flexor digitorium profundus (FDP) having 1% or less SO fibers (FDP1-1.07%, FDP5-0.81%) and the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCUh) having the greatest content of SO fibers. The mean contraction time (CT) plus one-half relaxation time for an isometric twitch was correlated with the percentage of SO fibers and ranged from 40.5 to 111.8 ms. Except for the FCU (37ms), the CT was less than 25 ms for the wrist flexor muscles. The uniarticular wrist flexor muscles, the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and the FCU had the highest percentage of SO fibers and were more fatigue-resistant that the multiarticular muscles. Considerable differences exist in muscle structure, fiber type proportions, and contractile properties between the FCR and FCU, which may be related to functional differences between the two sides of the wrist that may exist during the placement of the foot during locomotion.
Anat Rec 1981 Mar
PMID:Morphological organization and contractile properties of the wrist flexor muscles in the cat. 725 81

An 11-year-old female crossbred dog showed signs of polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, posterior weakness and ataxia. Clinical and laboratory findings suggested the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera. The haematological values shown over a six-month period are presented. In four samples some aspects of erythrocyte function (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD] and pyruvate kinase [PK] activities, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate [2,3 DPG] concentration, osmotic fragility and intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations) were studied. Variable activities of G6PD and PK, probably related to different reticulocyte number, were detected together with normal osmotic fragility and intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations. 2,3 DPG concentration was higher than normal in all four samples. This could be interpreted as a response to a low tissue perfusion rather than a higher content of 2,3 DPG in red blood cells from the polycythaemic dog.
Vet Rec 2000 Sep 16
PMID:Some aspects of erythrocyte metabolism in a dog with polycythaemia vera. 1105 23