Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
Vet Rec 1977 Jan 15
PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

Groups of eight Welsh Mountain sheep were dosed with diamphenethide at the rate of 70 mg/kg bodyweight at either one, four, six or eight weeks after artificial infection with approximately 300 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Comparisons were made with similarly infected but undosed sheep and with sheep which were neither infected nor dosed. The good clearance of flukes up to six weeks of age (above 97 per cent on pooled data) was reflected in the plasma concentrations of the accepted liver damage marker enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Highly significant correlations were demonstrated between the numbers of flukes recovered, the plasma levels of these enzymes and haemoglobin and plasma albumin values. At 70 mg/kg, diamphenethide was shown to be able to control F hepatica populations of up to six weeks of age. The systematic use of diamphenethide at this dose level at intervals of up to six weeks during the period of metacercarial challenge should prevent ovine fascioliasis.
Vet Rec 1985 Feb 16
PMID:The ability of diamphenethide to control immature Fasciola hepatica in sheep at a lower than standard dose level. 285 85

In an experiment to examine the use of anthelmintics to suppress the faecal egg output of Fasciola hepatica from sheep and reduce the prevalence of infection on a sheep farm with a history of chronic fasciolosis, triclabendazole was administered four times annually for three years. During the first year, treatments in April, June, August and October failed to reduce the prevalence. In the subsequent two years the first annual treatment was brought forward to January and February, and the prevalence was reduced by 74.6 and 69.7 per cent, respectively. The mean plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentration of the flock was significantly reduced from 55.9 units/litre before the experiment to 40.9 and 38.3 units/litre. In the second and third years the packed cell volume increased from 0.29 litre/litre to 0.36 litre/litre and the percentage of infected Lymnaea truncatula decreased to zero.
Vet Rec 1994 Jul 23
PMID:Anthelmintic suppression of Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep. 797 94

Reference values for some haematological and plasma biochemical constituents were established in Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) restrained either physically or chemically with tiletamine-zolazepam. The following variables were studied: haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haematological indices, erythrocyte dimensions, differential count of leucocytes, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total plasma protein, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, total phosphorus, chloride and osmolality. No haematological data have been published before but the values observed were in the general range of other artiodactyls, with the exception of the number and size of the erythrocytes which were respectively larger and smaller than in most other ruminants. Significant differences were found for a number of the variables between the values recorded in physically restrained animals and the values recorded in anaesthetised animals; they included the number of erythrocytes and related parameters, the plasma proteins and some inorganic ions.
Vet Rec 1993 Jun 05
PMID:Haematology of Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) restrained by physical or chemical means. 833 2

Urinary enzyme activities of alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were determined in 15 dogs with leishmaniasis and in a group of eight normal dogs. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were also measured and renal histology was examined. All the affected dogs had renal lesions. However, no significant differences in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were found between the control group and the affected group. The urinary enzyme activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P < 0.01), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (P < 0.01) and beta-glucuronidase (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the affected dogs. Urinary enzymes therefore seem to be a more sensitive and reliable test for assessing early renal damage in canine leishmaniasis than serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen concentrations.
Vet Rec 1997 May 03
PMID:Enzymuria as an index of renal damage in canine leishmaniasis. 916 May 31