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Mulberry heart disease persists among young pigs in Denmark although abundant supplies of selenium and vitamin E are added to feedstuffs for sows and pigs. The concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in the liver and heart tissues of young pigs which had died suddenly, and had the characteristic lesions of mulberry heart disease post mortem, were not significantly different from the concentrations found in pigs of the same age which had died suddenly for other reasons. The concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in the livers (0.3 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively) appeared to be satisfactory in all the pigs examined.
Vet Rec 1989 May 20
PMID:Mulberry heart disease in young pigs without vitamin E and selenium deficiency. 275 46

Post moult rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes crestatus) had significantly higher plasma alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), total lipid and total cholesterol concentrations than their pre-moult counterparts. In the magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) there were post moult increases in total lipid, cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations, but only the increase in alpha-tocopherol was significant. Plasma alpha-tocopherol, total lipid and total cholesterol concentrations in post moult gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) chicks were similar to those in non-moulting adult gentoos. Species differences in the levels of these nutrients in plasma may be due to differences in their dietary habits.
Vet Rec 1989 Jun 03
PMID:Plasma alpha-tocopherol, total lipids and total cholesterol in wild rockhopper, magellanic and gentoo penguins before and after moulting. 277 96

Vitamin E activity was first identified as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in the rat. It is now known that this vitamin has a far wider range of functions in the body than its role in fertility. It interacts with selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase to prevent the oxidative breakdown of tissue membranes associated with the hydroperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Relationships with other factors such as stress and vitamin C, have been proposed. The symptoms of deficiency of vitamin E vary according to species. With so many variables it is difficult to estimate the optimum allowances of the vitamin for the many types of livestock diets. These problems are discussed and the calculation of allowances of vitamin E in rations for both monogastric and ruminant animals is explained.
Vet Rec 1987 Dec 05
PMID:Vitamin E. 332 99

The clinical pathology and histopathology of two groups of Atlantic salmon with severe degenerative myopathy (pancreas disease) is described and compared with a third healthy group. One affected group was anorexic and had low plasma protein and albumin levels while the other was feeding and had normal levels. Both diseased groups had plasma and tissue vitamin E and selenium levels lower than the healthy group. Similarly, creatine kinase values were raised in affected groups. If representative of the syndrome as a whole, the results suggest that the myopathy of pancreas disease has a basis in a vitamin E-selenium deficiency, but whether primary or induced is not clear. The results also demonstrate that the myopathy and pancreatic atrophy do not inevitably lead to anorexia or any other clinically obvious sign of disease, despite both cardiac and oesophageal involvement.
Vet Rec 1986 Sep 20
PMID:Clinical pathology of myodegeneration (pancreas disease) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 377 31

Selenium deficient barley grown in Northern Ireland was treated with sodium hydroxide to deplete it of vitamin E. Housed cattle fed a complete diet based on this treated barley developed nutritional degenerative myopathy, showing that spontaneous myopathy in yearling cattle can be the result of vitamin E and selenium deficiency alone. The diet used is as effective and cheaper than others presently in use for inducing degenerative myopathy.
Vet Rec 1986 Feb 15
PMID:Use of sodium hydroxide treated selenium deficient barley to induce vitamin E and selenium deficiency in yearling cattle. 396 28

A number of plasma biochemical parameters were examined in five outbreaks of runting in broiler chickens. In four of the five outbreaks, runts showed consistent elevations in plasma amylase activity and reductions in glutathione peroxidase activity. In two of the five outbreaks the plasma vitamin E concentration was reduced, as was the activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase. A highly significant number of runted chickens were found to have pancreatic degeneration, elevated plasma amylase activity and reduced plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, compared with non-runted chickens. The implications of these changes are discussed in relation to the aetiology of runting and stunting syndrome and, in particular, the possible involvement of selenium.
Vet Rec 1984 Nov 10
PMID:Pancreatic degeneration in broilers with runting and stunting syndrome. 608 56

The results of a field trial on 18 farms on the effects of dosing ewes with a commercial trace element supplemented to provide 5 mg selenium, 6.5 mg cobalt, 500,000 iu vitamin A, 12,000 iu vitamin D3 and 100 iu vitamin E two weeks before joining the ram showed no beneficial effect on reproductive performance. The mean level of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) ranged in control ewes from 8.7 to 58.6 units/ml erythrocytes. Reproductive responses to the treatment varied between farms but the variation was not related to flock selenium status as indicated by the GSH-Px test.
Vet Rec 1984 May 26
PMID:Effects of a single oral dose of a commercial selenium cobalt and vitamin preparation on ewe fertility. 633 Sep 63

Outbreaks of alopecia with unusually high morbidity occurred among calves reared on milk substitutes on two unrelated farms in Suffolk. On one farm alopecia occurred for three consecutive years; during the winter of 1981-82 there were also clinical signs of muscular dystrophy among the same calves. On the second farm calves with alopecia also showed signs of muscular dystrophy. The apparent relationship between alopecia and milk substitute feeding is discussed together with the possible involvement of vitamin E.
Vet Rec 1983 Apr 30
PMID:Alopecia in calves associated with milk substitute feeding. 686 7

An unusual increase in cases of nutritional myopathy in sheep hoggs occurred in the spring of 1979 in the Scottish Borders. The usual overwinter diet for the area was turnips supplemented by home grown cereal, which is grossly deficient in selenium and vitamin E. This year the deficiency was further compounded by a cold wet winter, high stocking densities and certain management procedures, which probably caused the sudden upsurge of cases of myopathy.
Vet Rec 1980 Jul 19
PMID:Nutritional myopathy in feeding hoggs. 744 66

Data collected from 365 calves dead from stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome were analysed to determine the predictive value of thyroid gland weight as an indicator of abnormality of the thyroid gland, and to examine the relationships between abnormality of the thyroid gland and other findings in the calves and also the parity of the dam. There was a significant relationship (P < 0.001) between the thyroid gland weight and bodyweight for the calves with a histologically normal thyroid gland, but there was no such relationship for calves with an abnormal thyroid gland. Only 1.1 per cent of the histologically normal thyroid glands weighed more than 30 g, indicating that there is a very high probability that glands weighing more than 30 g are abnormal. However, 76.0 per cent of moderately to severely affected glands weighed less than 30 g. The following significant differences between calves with an abnormal and those with a normal thyroid gland were established. Abnormal thyroid glands were significantly heavier (P < 0.01), constituted a significantly greater percentage of the calf's bodyweight (P < 0.01) and had a significantly lower iodine concentration (P < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland had uninflated lungs (P < 0.01), and a significantly higher proportion had pneumonia (P < 0.01). Abnormal thyroid glands were associated with a low selenium concentration in the kidneys. There were no associations between abnormalities of the thyroid gland and the parity of the dam, the presence of skeletal fractures, the weight or sex of the calf, infection with leptospira, Salmonella dublin, Bacillus species, Actinomyces pyogenes or Aspergillus species, the quantities of hepatic iron pigment, liver vitamin E concentration or serum cholesterol concentration.
Vet Rec 1996 Jul 06
PMID:Stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: a study of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland. 881 88


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