Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor (NGF) was assessed on thin sections of plastic-embedded male mouse submandibular glands by electron microscopy. Both control and secretagogue-stimulated glands were examined. NGF was localized in granules of both granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and transition cells. The latter were intermediate in morphology between GCT cells and striated duct cells. Both large and small granules were immunostained in GCT cells; however, considerable variability in immunostaining intensity was observed in both sizes of granules but especially in the small granules of transition cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in both cell types exhibited NGF immunoreactivity. No Golgi-associated immunostaining was observed. Following alpha-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine, NGF-containing granules were sharply reduced because of extensive degranulation. Pools of immunostained secretory material suggested intracellular fusion of NGF-containing granules. Immunostaining was also observed on membrane fragments found within large vacuoles in GCT cells. Evidence of NGF secretion after beta-adrenergic or cholinergic stimulation was less dramatic. In isoproterenol-stimulated GCT cells there was evidence of fusion of small, apical, NGF-stained granules. These cells also possessed heavily immunostained apical membrane blebs. Pilocarpine-stimulated cells exhibited pleomorphic immunostained apical granules but less apical membrane immunostaining. Abundant basal lysosomes appearing in GCT cells after pilocarpine stimulation did not stain for NGF.
Anat Rec 1987 Oct
PMID:Electron microscopic immunostaining of nerve growth factor: secretagogue stimulated submandibular glands. 244 31

Cell distribution and the effects of 12 daily injections of 80 mg/kg pilocarpine or 5 mg/kg atropine were studied in rat tracheal epithelium. Ciliated, periodic-acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+), Alcian blue-positive (AB+), nonstaining, and basal cells were counted and their order of occurrence was recorded. Pilocarpine caused a decrease in ciliated and an increase in PAS+, basal, and nonstaining cell numbers. Atropine caused similar changes, although to a much lesser extent. AB+ cells were rare. Cell occurrence was randomized by computer, and comparisons with nonrandomized counts were made to discern between 1) differences in cell arrangement owed to variations in cell numbers, and 2) actual biases in cell distribution. In general, ciliated areas amounted to a few cells and were separated by nonciliated patches of comparable size. The grouping characteristics of cells supported the notion that basal cells were surrounded by their progeny and that daughter cells were displaced by siblings. It was concluded that the cells were not randomly distributed. Basal cells were dispersed, and probably immediately related to PAS+ cells but not to ciliated cells. A bias toward grouping implied concurrent differentiation of clusters of sibling cells. With drug treatment, a substantial increase in PAS+ cells without increase in cell concentration suggested a decrease in ciliated cell differentiation. Larger groups of secretory cells with treatment suggested cell division without differentiation through the basal cell pathway. Cholinergic agents were not the predominant modulators of this epithelium, and their effect was probably secondary to influence over mucociliary function.
Anat Rec 1989 Oct
PMID:Cell distribution in tracheal surface epithelium and the effects of long-term pilocarpine and atropine administration. 281 27

Salivary gland cells are joined by junctional complexes consisting of a tight junction (TJ), zonula adherens and one or more desmosomes. TJs regulate paracellular permeability, maintain separate apical and basolateral membrane domains, and serve as signaling centers. We examined TJs of mouse submandibular glands (SMG) in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. TJs between acinar cells and between intercalated duct cells had 2-6 parallel strands on the protoplasmic fracture face, with occasional branches, interconnections and free ends, and corresponding grooves on the extracellular face. Granular duct cell TJs had 2-30 strands, a depth of <or=0.5 microm, and occasional loops extending further basally. Where 3 or 4 cells met, the TJs extended basally <or=1 microm and consisted of 2 parallel boundary strands into which the apical strands inserted. Quantitative analyses showed significant differences in TJ complexity, measured by fractal geometry, and strand number of acinar compared to granular duct cells, and a greater number of strands in male compared to female granular ducts. Pilocarpine stimulation increased TJ strand number in female acinar cells, and increased complexity of male granular duct cell TJs. As the salivary gland water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) has been proposed to functionally interact with TJs to regulate salivary fluid composition, we also studied glands from AQP5 knock-out mice. In males lacking AQP5, granular duct TJs were more complex than those of wild-type mice, and exhibited more strands following pilocarpine stimulation. The results demonstrate specific gender, cell type and genetic differences in TJ structure and response to stimulation.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010 Jan
PMID:The structure of tight junctions in mouse submandibular gland. 1989 14