Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two different proliferation assays have been used to measure the proliferative potential of IgG-fractions from 57 patients with nontoxic goiter of an iodine-deficient area: primary human thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) and the thouroughly investigated FRTL-5 cell line. IgG-fractions from patients with nontoxic goiter (n = 30), nontoxic recurrent goiter (n = 8), toxic-nodular goiter (n = 15) and carcinoma of the thyroid (n = 4) were highly purified on DEAE-Sepharose and additionally Protein A-Sepharose in some cases. The two proliferation assays gave contradictory results: primary cultures of human thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) could not be stimulated by any of the patient's IgG-fractions nor by bTSH. The FRTL-5 cells, however, were stimulated with 10 microU/ml bTSH by 326% +/- 96% (range: 222% - 497%, p less than 0.001). In one experimental series, 72% of all patients exceeded mean + 2 SD of normal controls, when the stimulation index was referred to the effect of bTSH (NTG: 77%, Rec. G.: 88%, Tox. G.: 53%, Ca. thyroid: 75%). With a different method of calculation - stimulation index referred to the basal value - the number of patients above mean + 2 SD of normal controls decreased to 30% (NTG: 33%, Rec. G.: 12.5%, Tox. G.: 33%, Ca. thyroid: 25%). Statistical analysis, however, of results of different patient groups compared to the normal control group failed to show any significance.
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PMID:Thyroid growth stimulating activity in highly purified IgG-fractions of patients with nonimmune thyroid diseases. 257 26

Endomorphin-1 (EM1) and endomorphin-2 (EM2) are the selective endogenous ligands for the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Since EMs-expressing neuronal cell bodies or axonal components have been observed, respectively, in the nucleus tractus solitarii or the parabrachial nuclei, we examined if EMs-expressing neurons in the NTS of the rat might send their axons to the PBN. Immunofluorescent stainings for EM1 or EM2 were combined with retrograde or anterograde tract-tracing method. After injecting tetramethyl rhodamine dextran-amine (TMR) into the parabrachial nuclei of rats, some EM1- or EM2-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii were labeled retrogradely with TMR. The majority of the EM1/TMR and EM2/TMR double-labeled neurons were observed in the medial, commissural, and dorsolateral subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Following injection of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the medial, commissural, or dorsolateral subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii, EM1- or EM2-immunopositive axons and axon terminals were anterogradely labeled with BDA mainly in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. The present results have indicated that endomorphinergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii project to the parabrachial nuclei. This suggests that EMs released from NTS-PBN projection fibers may bind to MOR on the PBN neurons to be implicated in processing of visceral information within the parabrachial nuclei.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009 Apr
PMID:Endomorphin 1- and endomorphin 2-containing neurons in nucleus tractus solitarii send axons to the parabrachial nuclei in the rat. 1930 Dec 76

A Personal Account describing the enantioselective total syntheses of cyathane diterpenoids achieved in the Nakada group. A convergent approach to the cyathane scaffold, the [5-6-7] tricyclic carbon skeleton commonly found in cyathane diterpenoids, has been developed using the catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation (CAIMCP) and baker's yeast reduction. This approach has been successfully applied for the enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-allocyathin B2 , (-)-erinacine B, and (-)-erinacine E. The total synthesis of (-)-erinacine E has been achieved via the acyl group migratory intramolecular aldol reaction, which prevents the retro-aldol reaction and allows the construction of the strained structure. The highly efficient and stereoselective total syntheses of (-)-scabronines G, A, D, and (-)-episcabronine A have been achieved via the oxidative dearomatization/inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction cascade. Cascade reactions comprising three and five consecutive reactions were employed for the highly efficient total syntheses of (-)-scabronine A and (-)-episcabronine A, respectively.
Chem Rec 2014 Aug
PMID:Enantioselective total syntheses of cyathane diterpenoids. 2506 36

Cascade reactions are powerful tools for rapidly assembling complex molecular architectures from readily available starting materials in a single synthetic operation. Their marriage with asymmetric organocatalysis has led to the development of novel techniques, which are now recognized as reliable strategies for the one-pot enantioselective synthesis of stereochemically dense molecules. In recent years, even more complex synthetic challenges have been addressed by applying the principle of vinylogy to the realm of organocascade catalysis. The key to the success of vinylogous organocascade reactions is the unique ability of the chiral organocatalyst to transfer reactivity to a distal position without losing control on the stereo-determining events. This approach has greatly expanded the synthetic horizons of the field by providing the possibility of forging multiple stereocenters in remote positions from the catalyst's point of action with high selectivity, while simultaneously constructing multiple new bonds. This article critically describes the developments achieved in the field of enantioselective vinylogous organocascade reactions, charting the ideas, the conceptual advances, and the milestone reactions that have been essential for reaching highly practical levels of synthetic efficiency.
Chem Rec 2016 08
PMID:Enantioselective Vinylogous Organocascade Reactions. 2725 39

TV vet Steve Leonard is a patron of the Painted Dog Conservation UK charity. From time to time he leads conservation safaris to the charity's centre in Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe.
Vet Rec 2016 Oct 22
PMID:Ten-minute chat. 2777 Jan 6