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The clinical and pathological details of a case of canine giant axonal neuropathy are presented. An 18-month-old alsatian had hind leg ataxia, weakness, hypotonia and loss of patellar reflexes. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated denervation of the distal hind leg muscles and abnormal nerve conduction velocities. Biopsy and post mortem examination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) demonstrated large anoxal swellings, up to 28mu in diameter. Electron microscopy showed these swellings to be composed almost entirely of neurofilaments. Similar giant axons were found in the central nervous system (CNS) and the distribution of the lesions in the CNS and PNS was suggestive of a 'Dying Back' disease. The possible aetiology of this new canine condition is discussed.
Vet Rec 1977 Nov 26
PMID:Canine giant axonal neuropathy. 59 96

A leg weakness condition of turkeys, often called the "shaky leg" syndrome, is described and studies on its pathology reported. There appeared to be no consistent histopathological changes in the nervous, muscular or skeletal systems that were characteristic of the syndrome. During the course of the investigation it became clear that almost all turkeys examined from the age of four weeks, regardless of their locomotor status, strain or management, displayed small degenerative lesions situated medially on the neck of their femurs.
Vet Rec 1978 Sep 02
PMID:Shaky leg syndrome and hip lesions in turkeys. 70 19

A form of epidemic lameness affecting rapidly growing broadbreasted turkeys of different breeds was investigated in 16 flocks. The condition commenced when birds were between eight and 14 weeks old and was consistenly associated with the development of lesions in the hip. Affected birds first showed leg weakness and ataxia and later chronic postural changes involving the hip. The post mortem lesions were those of inflammation, oedema, ulceration, fibrosis and complensatory hypertrophy of localised areas associated with the hip articulation. The cause was not established but the anatomical features of affected birds, their nutritional status and their apparent freedom from recognised infectious diseased are discussed.
Vet Rec 1976 Nov 13
PMID:Lameness and leg weakness in rapidly growing turkeys associated with hip lesions. 99 83

The clinical and radiographic findings associated with the presence of hemivertebra ("wedge-shaped"vertebra) in small and brachycephalic breeds of dogs are reported together with the results of post mortem examination in the availabel cases. The condition is characterised clinically by progressive hind-leg weakness, spinal pain, abnormalities of the nervous system and evidence of muscle atrophy or other abnormalities of conformation. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is by radiography. It is suggested that the condition is congenital in origin. Breed incidences are reported. The occurrence of the disorder in certain families of dogs suggests also that it may be hereditary. Other congenital abnormalities are seen in some dogs affected by hemivertebrae.
Vet Rec 1975 Apr 05
PMID:Hemivertebra in the dog: clinical and pathological observations. 112 30

On a thoroughbred stud four foals were born with greatly enlarged thyroids and leg weakness. Two foals died within 18 hours of birth, the others subsequently recovered. An enlarged thyroid was also evident in one of the resident mares. The thyroids from the dead foals were hyperplastic. Feed analyses showed that the mares had an iodine intake of about 83 mg daily, 8-8 ppm of the dietary dry matter, due almost entirely to the high iodine content of a proprietary compound horse nut which had been fed at the daily rate of 12 lb per head. It was concluded from the histology of the thyroids, the high intake of iodine, the lack of response to treatment with potassium iodide and the elevated levels of serum protein bound iodine that the condition of the foals on the stud was caused by an excess of iodine fed to the mares during pregnancy.
Vet Rec 1975 Aug 02
PMID:The effect of excess dietary iodine on pregnant mares and foals. 115 32

A method for measuring the prevalence of leg weakness by assessing the walking ability of broilers was developed. Walking ability was divided into six categories, from completely normal to immobile. The method was found to give consistent results when performed by the same people. In a survey of commercial, intensively reared broilers, 90 per cent had a detectable gait abnormality and 26 per cent suffered an abnormality of sufficient severity for their welfare to be considered compromised. The prevalence of leg weakness in free range broilers, and three commercial breeds of broilers was determined. The results indicated that genetic factors were an important cause of leg weakness in broilers and also identified a possible relationship between liveweight and leg weakness.
Vet Rec 1992 Aug 29
PMID:Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype. 144 Nov 74

Red deer calves dying at 24 to 72 hours old were infected with cryptosporidia. The clinical signs were extreme depression and weakness, but they did not consistently have diarrhoea. One calf was severely uraemic, and evidence from subsequent cases suggested that cryptosporidium infection in very young red deer calves may result in terminal uraemia. The possibility of intrauterine infection is considered. The factors which could have predisposed to the outbreak of infection were investigated; the calves were deficient in vitamin E despite having received adequate colostrum.
Vet Rec 1992 Feb 08
PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in newborn red deer (Cervus elaphus). 156 43

We evaluated the effectiveness of the Universal stage, an instrument for measuring three-dimensional orientation of birefringent materials, for studying the collagen fabric in the wall of brain aneurysms. Vessels from autopsy were fixed at normal arterial distending pressure with 10% formalin, and prepared for polarized light microscopy, with paraffin embedding and staining with picrosirius red for birefringent enhancement. Quantitative data were obtained from tangential and oblique sections (7 microns thickness) of an intact 8 mm aneurysm, a 1.5 mm aneurysm, and a tangential section (3 microns thickness) of a cerebral artery. Sections of full-size aneurysms seen through the microscope, adjusted either for plane or circularly polarized light, revealed distinctive layers of collagen across the aneurysmal wall, which at higher magnification were further subdivided. Three-dimensional measurements, numbering 1,082, were made by use of the Universal stage attachment to the polarizing microscope. They were plotted by computer-controlled graphics on Lambert projections and analyzed by circular statistics. When assessed layer by layer, the collagen spanned a full range of orientations relative to the tangential plane. The circular standard deviation, a measure of the spread of alignment about the mean, was as low as 10 degrees for coherently organized collagen and as high as 40 degrees for the least coherently organized collagen, values characteristic of either the organized tunica media, or the least organized tunica adventitia of cerebral arteries. Although there was a marked thinning of the wall of one aneurysm, there was no evidence of structural weakness based only on the directional organization assessed by our measurements.
Anat Rec 1991 Dec
PMID:Layered collagen fabric of cerebral aneurysms quantitatively assessed by the universal stage and polarized light microscopy. 179 83

Despite the extensive literature concerning the neuropathy associated with diabetes, only limited information describes changes in the associated muscle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histochemical and morphometric characteristics of diabetic muscle in the C57BL/KsJ db-m strain of mouse. The histochemical analysis of myofiber type for the diabetic mouse revealed that the extensor digitorum longus muscle consisted of 53.1% type 2a, 46.0% type 2b, and 0.9% type 1 myofibers, a significant shift from the percentages found in the nondiabetic litter mates (44.4% type 2a, 55.6% type 2b, no type 1). Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of myofiber size by fiber type indicated a significant difference in myofiber size for the type 2b fibers in muscles from diabetic mice. Similarly, there was a shift in the fiber size distribution to include a greater number of small type 2b myofibers when compared to controls. Skeletal muscle from diabetic mice exhibited a significant change in the percentage of fiber types, with an increase in the number of type 2a fibers, a fiber type grouping that implies possible denervation and reinnervation, and a decrease in myofiber size. These findings may explain why some diabetic patients complain of muscle weakness.
Anat Rec 1989 Sep
PMID:Skeletal muscle in the diabetic mouse: histochemical and morphometric analysis. 277 12

Three kittens in a litter of Persian cats showed, from the age of eight weeks, tremor, ataxia, dysmetria, progressive weakness and emaciation. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was observed in neurons, mesenchymal and epithelial cells of tissues taken post mortem. The alpha-mannosidase activity of brain tissue of one cat tested was 4.8 per cent of control values and the urine of two cats contained large amounts of mannose-rich oligosaccharides.
Vet Rec 1988 Apr 09
PMID:Mannosidosis in a litter of Persian cats. 338 51


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