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An acute respiratory distress syndrome in 10 adult dogs was usually preceded by vomiting, anorexia and lethargy followed, after a short interval, by dyspnoea. The dyspnoea became increasingly severe, despite oxygen therapy, and cyanotic respiratory failure ensued. All 10 dogs died or were killed after illnesses lasting between one and eight days. Necropsies revealed pulmonary congestion, oedema, collapse and haemorrhage with loss of alveolar epithelial cells. Early alveolar fibrosis was also found. Paraquat was identified in post mortem samples from four of the 10 dogs.
Vet Rec 1977 Apr 02
PMID:Acute respiratory distress in the dog associated with paraquat poisoning. 86 Mar 82

A new syndrome, characterised by acute respiratory distress and by abnormalities of the skin, hair and thyroid, was the apparent cause of neonatal death in 35 (24 per cent) of 146 piglets sired by a large white boar in four small commercial pig units. The syndrome appears to be of genetic origin, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Its similarities with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn infant and the "barker" syndrome of the newborn foal are discussed.
Vet Rec 1976 Jun 12
PMID:The "barker" (neonatal respiratory distress) syndrome in the pig: its occurrence in the field. 104 84

The term "fog fever" was originally used identify a disease of adult cattle grazing lush pastures in the autumn. Unfortunately, the name has subsequently been applied to other respiratory disorders which occurred under different epidemiological circumstances, so that the name "fog fever" has lost much of its original specificity and become almost synonymous with "acute respiratory distress". The pulmonary lesions in 151 cattle, of all ages, with acute respiratory distress are described in this report. While most of the animals were referred as examples of "fog fever", in only 43 of the 151 cases were the clinical signs, epidemiology and post mortem findings consistent with that disease. Twelve other pulmonary disturbances were encountered in the other animals and the pathology of these conditions has bee described.
Vet Rec 1975 Sep 20
PMID:Acute respiratory distress in cattle. 116 78

An outdoor pony which developed severe respiratory distress in February was shown to have acute interstitial pulmonary disease (alveolitis), which was characterised by a massive exudation of eosinophil rich fluid into the airways. While antibiotic treatment before referral was ineffective, the condition rapidly responded to corticosteroid therapy. No evidence of lungworm was present and it appears that this interstitial pulmonary disease had an immune-mediated aetiology. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology was of great value in the diagnosis and monitoring of this case.
Vet Rec 1992 Apr 25
PMID:Acute eosinophilic interstitial pulmonary disease in a pony. 160 84

Regurgitation of blood through the left atrioventricular valve owing to the rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of the valve was diagnosed in a horse with sudden-onset respiratory distress and a holosystolic cardiac murmur. Severe regurgitation was confirmed with Doppler echocardiography and prolapse of part of the valve leaflet was identified with B-mode ultrasonography. The rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of a right accessory cusp of the left atrioventricular valve was confirmed post mortem. Bronchiolitis, multifocal haemorrhages and haemorrhagic fibrous plaques were found in the pleura of the dorsocaudal segments of the lungs.
Vet Rec 1990 Oct 13
PMID:Confirmation by Doppler echocardiography of valvular regurgitation in a horse with a ruptured chorda tendinea of the mitral valve. 226 Feb 52

Two horses on separate farms developed severe obstructive pulmonary disease in successive years during the early summer months. In both cases clinical remission of the respiratory distress was achieved by moving the animals to different environments. The suggested aetiology for this outdoor chronic respiratory disease is a pulmonary allergy to pollen. Both animals were also shown to suffer from classical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, i.e., obstructive pulmonary disease in the presence of hay and, or, straw.
Vet Rec 1990 Jan 06
PMID:Pasture-associated seasonal respiratory disease in two horses. 230 Nov 7

The clinical signs associated with intramural tracheal obstructions in two horses and a donkey were respiratory distress and coughing, which were aggravated by exercise and excitement. The obstructions were at the level of the thoracic inlet and consisted either of flattening of the cartilage rings in the dorsoventral plane or of cartilage rings having a scroll-like conformation. They appeared to be developmental in origin and to have been present for a considerable time before the onset of clinical signs. Endoscopy and radiography were helpful in the diagnosis of the condition.
Vet Rec 1990 Mar 31
PMID:Tracheal obstructions in two horses and a donkey. 234 17

Chronic bronchial disease constitutes a significant, yet underdiagnosed, cause of both chronic cough and episodic and acute-onset respiratory distress in mature dogs and cats. Untreated chronic bronchial disease is a debilitating, progressive respiratory syndrome that results in decreased exercise tolerance, inactivity, paroxysmal respiratory distress, airway collapse and even death. With proper medical treatment, however, the prognosis for the effective long term management of chronic bronchial disease, even in severe cases, can be good.
Vet Rec 1990 Apr 21
PMID:Chronic lung disease in old dogs and cats. 236 63

Toxic silo gases are a potential danger to livestock housed in close proximity to silos. On the fourth day of ensiling, five fattening pigs were found dead in a pen adjoining a grass silo. Post mortem examination revealed extensive lung damage and methaemoglobinaemia. A dense reddish-brown gas was concentrated at floor level to a height of 1 m in the pen and had diffused into adjoining pens, where dry and suckling sows and litters were showing signs of respiratory distress and weakness. The gas was identified as a mixture of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide. These gases may be produced in the early stages of silage making. In this case, they had accumulated in a slurry channel below the silo and leaked through an adjoining wall into the piggery. The production and toxicological effects of silo gases are discussed.
Vet Rec 1985 Feb 02
PMID:Nitrogen dioxide (silo gas) poisoning in pigs. 398 73

The effect of hormones on developmental events is not a new area of scientific investigation. However, in the last decade, the developing lung has been the focus of an increasing amount of basic and applied research. Inadequate development of the newborn's respiratory system precludes extra-uterine existence; indeed, such respiratory inadequacy has been a leading cause of death in premature infants. Tremendous strides have been made in understanding the basic cell biology of the developing lung. Much has been learned about the source, composition, and function of pulmonary surfactant, a surface-active material produced by the lung and essential to alveolar stability. Deficient stores of this material is a major etiologic factor in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS). This fact, coupled with observations that certain hormones can accelerate lung development and the consequent availability of adequate stores of pulmonary surfactant, has led to a large body of literaturae dealing with the effects of hormones (and other agents) on lung development. It is the purpose of this literature review (1) to discuss the various kinds of investigations which have linked surfactant synthesis to the type II pulmonary epithelial cell; and (2) to review the current status of research dealing with the effects of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones on lung maturation.
Anat Rec 1980 Sep
PMID:Lung development and the pulmonary surfactant system: hormonal ifluences. 625 47


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