Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A range of clinical parameters were studied to assess their usefulness as objective markers of the severity of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Cows with moderate clinical mastitis had significantly higher rectal temperatures and heart and respiratory rates than cows with mild clinical mastitis or control cows. The difference in temperature between quarters did not vary significantly between the control cows and the cows with mastitis, but there was a larger difference between quarter temperatures in the cows with moderate mastitis than in the cows with mild mastitis or the control cows. The hock-to-hock distance in the control cows was significantly smaller than in the cows with mild to moderate mastitis, but there was no significant difference in the distance either between the cows with mild mastitis and those with moderate mastitis, or between the cows with mastitis in the front quarters and those with mastitis in the hind quarters. The mechanical threshold to pain of the cows with mild and moderate mastitis was significantly lower than that of the control cows.
Vet Rec 2008 Aug 09
PMID:Animal-based measurements of the severity of mastitis in dairy cows. 1868 78

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)ergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn have been reported to be divided into distinctive populations, with different cotransmitters and neuropeptides. In this study, we examined the colocalization of enkephalin (ENK) mRNA with GABA in the spinal dorsal horn using the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)(67)-green fluorescence protein (GFP) knock-in mouse. Our approach was to perform in situ hybridization histochemistry to detect mRNA for preproenkephalin (PPE, the precursor protein for ENK), combined with immunohistochemistry for GFP to reveal GABAergic neurons. Quantitative analysis indicated that more than 44.4% (2967/6681) of GFP-immunoreactive neurons showed signals for PPE mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn. While 53.9% (2967/5501) of PPE mRNA-expressing neurons were immunoreactive for GFP. The double-labeled neurons were observed throughout the spinal dorsal horn, although they had a preferential localization in superficial layers. The present results provide a detailed morphological evidence that ENK and GABA colocalized in a subpopulation of neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, which are likely to represent local inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons involved in the modulation of pain transmission.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008 Oct
PMID:Preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the GAD67-GFP knock-in mouse. 1878 Mar

One hind quarter of 27 healthy lactating cows was infused with 100 microg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Two hours later, nine of the cows were given physiological saline by intramuscular injection, nine were given 4 mg/kg ketoprofen orally, and nine were given 3 mg/kg ketoprofen by intramuscular injection. Ketoprofen administered either orally or parenterally significantly reduced the effect of the endotoxin on rectal temperature, ruminal contractions and respiratory rate. The size of the udder, the signs of pain and the concentrations of thromboxane B2, especially in plasma, were also reduced, and the appearance of their milk was almost normal. The response of cows to the oral treatment was as rapid as it was to intramuscular treatment.
Vet Rec 2008 Oct 25
PMID:Efficacy of oral and parenteral ketoprofen in lactating cows with endotoxin-induced acute mastitis. 1895 74

Eighty-four female cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy in a blinded, randomised, prospective clinical study were assigned to one of three groups of 28 to receive either 0.01 mg/kg buprenorphine (group B), 4 mg/kg carprofen (group C), or the same doses of both drugs (group BC). A dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) from 0 to 100 mm, and a simple descriptive scale (SDS) from 0 to 4 were used to evaluate the cats' degree of analgesia and sedation for 24 hours postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the cats' sedation scores by SDS or DIVAS, and no difference in their pain scores by DIVAS. By SDS, the cats in group BC had significantly lower pain scores than the cats in group C (P<0.001) and group B (P<0.05). Nine of the cats in group B, nine in group C and five in group BC required rescue analgesia, and the cats in group C required rescue earlier than those in group B (P<0.05).
Vet Rec 2009 Mar 21
PMID:Analgesia for cats after ovariohysterectomy with either buprenorphine or carprofen alone or in combination. 1930 6

Pain is among the major problems during orthodontic treatment. Recent studies have shown that central Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) pathway was involved in several pain models. The present study investigated whether inducible COX2 within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) contributed to experimental tooth movement pain in freely moving rats. Elastic rubber bands were inserted between the first and second maxillary molars bilaterally to establish tooth movement model. The directed mouth wiping behavior was used to evaluate the pain during tooth movement. COX2 distribution in Vc was studied by immunohistochemistry and the changes of COX2 expression were detected by Western blot at different time point after rubber band insertion. Our results showed that tooth movement significantly increased COX2 expression in Vc and the time spent on mouth wiping, reaching a maximum at 1 day and then decreasing gradually. Furthermore, the rhythm change of COX2 expression in Vc and the mouth wiping behavior were much correlative with each other. All of the COX2-immunoreactive structures in Vc exhibited NeuN-immunopositive staining and most of these COX2-immunoreactive neurons were Fos-immunopositive. Importantly, the mouth wiping behavior could be attenuated by intracisternal injection of NS-398 (a selective COX2 inhibitor) but not by periodontal administration of NS-398. All these results suggested that increased COX2 in Vc was involved in tooth movement pain and thus may be a central target for orthodontic pain treatment.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010 Mar
PMID:Increased COX2 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis is involved in orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement. 2009 89

Forty-eight dogs were diagnosed with presumptive exercise-associated peracute thoracolumbar disc extrusion. The median age was seven years (range two to 11 years), and median bodyweight was 23 kg (range 10 to 41 kg). The duration of signs before presentation ranged from 0.5 to four days. Twenty-nine dogs were non-ambulatory, of which 17 were incontinent and two had lost pain perception. Pelvic limbs were hyporeflexic or areflexic in 11 dogs. Intervertebral disc narrowing was evident on radiographs in 44 dogs. Myelography demonstrated a small, extradural space-occupying lesion dorsal to an intervertebral disc between T11-12 and L3-4 with adjacent spinal cord swelling. Forty-six dogs were treated non-surgically, one was euthanased and one was managed by hemilaminectomy (and subsequently euthanased). Follow-up information was available for 46 dogs 1.5 to 55 months after injury (median 22 months) showing that pelvic limb function had improved in all cases and all non-ambulatory dogs had regained the ability to walk. Six dogs remained faecally incontinent, and one dog remained urinarily and faecally incontinent.
Vet Rec 2010 Apr 24
PMID:Presumptive exercise-associated peracute thoracolumbar disc extrusion in 48 dogs. 2041 13

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and its involvement in regulating gene expression in spinal dorsal horn, cortical and subcortical neurons by peripheral noxious stimulation contribute to pain hypersensitivity. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a treatment used in physiotherapy practice to promote analgesia in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In this study, a total number of 114 rats were used for three experiments. Effects of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity and TENS analgesia on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-Fos protein expression were examined by using behavioral test, Western blot, and immunostaining methods. We found that CFA injection caused an area of localized swelling, erythema, hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli, the decreased response time of hind paw licking (HPL), as well as upregulation of c-Fos protein expression and ERK2 phosphorylation in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn and the contralateral primary somatosensory area of cortex and the amygdala of rats. TENS on Yongquan acupoint for 20 min produced obvious analgesic effects as demonstrated with increased HPL to thermal stimuli of CFA-treated rats. In addition, TENS application suppressed the CFA-induced ERK2 activation and c-Fos protein expression. These results suggest that down-regulation of ERK2 phosphorylation and c-Fos expression were involved in TENS inhibition on CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia of rats.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010 Jul
PMID:Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on Yongquan acupoint reduces CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia of rats via down-regulation of ERK2 phosphorylation and c-Fos expression. 2058 64

Questionnaires were distributed to owners of cats that had undergone limb amputation in the UK, through 1000 veterinary clinics or publications relating to companion cats, or online. Between July 2009 and February 2010, responses were received relating to 234 cats, and data for 204 of these were included in subsequent analyses. The responses received provided data on signalment, aetiology, quality of life, behavioural changes and pain observed in cats after partial or total amputation of a limb. Young male domestic shorthair cats were over-represented in the sample; the most common reason for amputation was a fractured bone, and the hindlimb was almost twice as likely to be amputated as the forelimb. Although 89 per cent of the cats received analgesics/anti-inflammatories after discharge, the owners of 35 per cent of the animals observed some signs of pain during recovery. Eighty-nine per cent of the cats were thought to have regained a 'normal' quality of life as defined by the owner and 94 per cent of the owners stated that they would agree with the decision to amputate the affected limb in a pet if faced with the same decision again.
Vet Rec 2010 Nov 06
PMID:Owners' observations of domestic cats after limb amputation. 2125 8

Veterinary surgeons in Italy were surveyed about their current practice with regard to the use of propofol and intravenous opioids during anaesthesia and for treatment of acute pain in small animals. Questionnaires were e-mailed to all 171 members of the Italian Society of Veterinary Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine. Information was requested on the type of practice the veterinarians worked in, the administration techniques used and the perceived benefit of pumps with target-controlled infusion (TCI) capability implementing small animal pharmacokinetic models. A total of 168 responses were received (response rate 98.2 per cent). Of the respondents, 121 (72.0 per cent) worked in a first-opinion private practice, 25 (14.9 per cent) worked in a 24/7 private practice, 11 (6.5 per cent) worked in a referral private practice, eight (4.8 per cent) worked in a university hospital, two (1.2 per cent) were not currently practising with small animals and one (0.6 per cent) had retired. Of the 130 (78.8 per cent) practising respondents who reported using a syringe pump, eight (4.8 per cent) used a TCI system, 31 (18.8 per cent) used manual TCI, 40 (24.2 per cent) used a bolus-elimination-transfer scheme and 51 (31 per cent) used a constant-rate infusion. As a result, 79 of 165 (47.9 per cent) practising respondents used a pharmacokinetic model-driven method of drug delivery. The majority of respondents (81.2 per cent) believed that the use of pumps with TCI capability would improve practice and patient care.
Vet Rec 2010 Nov 13
PMID:Survey of the current use of pharmacokinetic model-driven drug delivery in small animal anaesthesia and analgesia in Italy. 2126 11

Two cases of extensor process fracture of the distal phalanx in the forelimb in a Holstein bull and a lactating Holstein cow are described. Each animal showed acute onset of severe lameness with a gait characterised by lengthening of the cranial phase of the step in order to place more weight on the heel. Mild swelling and a localised pain response upon application of deep pressure above the coronet were also observed. A definitive diagnosis was made by radiography with complementary ultrasonography, which provided the best definition of the fracture fragment over the dorsal aspect of the distal interphalangeal joint. Applying a wooden block to a sound claw for three weeks was curative and provided a good prognosis in both cases.
Vet Rec 2010 Dec 04
PMID:Fracture of the extensor process of the distal phalanx in a bull and a cow. 2126 74


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