Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Enzootic bovine leucosis is associated with infection by bovine leucosis virus. The incubation period is measured in years and a minority of infected animals develop clinical signs. The disease is widespread in Europe and elsewhere and can cause significant economic loss. The epidemiology is incompletely understood and findings from one cattle production system may not be directly applicable to another. Major control programmes exist in Denmark and West Germany and control schemes are being developed elsewhere. Eradication of enzootic bovine leucosis has been established as a goal in the EEC and research is revealing the ways in which this goal may be attained. To be effective, control and epidemiological monitoring must be interactive. Recently introduced serological tests, of improved sensitivity, provide a valuable tool.
Vet Rec 1978 Sep 02
PMID:Enzootic bovine leucosis. 21 58

The European Economic Community was one of the major concerns of the later years of the late Campbell MacKellar. Besides being deeply involved in the affairs of the UEVP--the body representing the practising arm of the veterinary profession in Europe--he was one of the United Kingdom's representatives on the Federation of Veterinarians of the EEC over a period which saw that body emerge into an active pressure group with a real contribution to make to veterinary affairs within the Community. So said Alastair Porter in his introduction to the first MacKellar Memorial Lecture, which he gave last autumn. The following article is abridged from Mr Porter's address.
Vet Rec 1979 Jan 13
PMID:Mackellar Memorial Lecture. The veterinary profession in the EEC. 45 41

A national tuberculin testing trial was carried out in 8151 cattle in 132 herds due for normal herd testing and distributed throughout the 11 animal health administrative regions of England, Scotland and Wales. The numbers selected from each region were in approximately equal proportions to the total cattle populations of the regions and comprised a representative sample of the national herd. The standard intradermal comparative tuberculin test using Weybridge avian and human purified protein derivatives (PPD) was carried out on one side of the neck, and Rotterdam bovine PPD (1 X 0 mg per ml) was injected on the opposite side in the usual 'mammalian' site. Of the cattle tested, 9 X 4 per cent were classified as positive reactors to a single intradermal injection of the bovine tuberculin applying the official EEC interpretation for tuberculin tests. A single intradermal injection of human PPD would have resulted in a significantly higher proportion (10 X 4 per cent) of cattle being designated for removal. The rules of interpretation developed by Lesslie and Hebert (1975) for a comparative tuberculin test using avian and bovine PPDs, when applied to this sample, classified 0 X 80 per cent as inconclusive reactors compared with 0 X 58 per cent for the avian/human comparative test. The avian/bovine test also classified as positive reactors 0 X 12 per cent of the cattle tested, whilst the avian/human test classified as positive 0 X 05 per cent of cattle in routine herd tests during the three-year period 1972 to 1974.
Vet Rec 1976 Feb 28
PMID:Practical application of bovine tuberculin PPD in testing cattle in Great Britain. 81 49

The procedures used in the United Kingdom governing the licensing of veterinary medicines based on an advisory committee procedure are summarised. The article does not purport to cover all aspects of medicines legislation and must not be treated as a complete or authoritative statement of the law on any particular case. Reference should be made to the Medicines Act 1968 and regulations made under the Act. It does not cover EEC legislation.
Vet Rec 1983 Oct 01
PMID:Legislation covering the licensing of veterinary medicines in the United Kingdom. 664 46

In September 1981 the European Community adopted Directives 81/851 EEC and 81/852 EEC which aim to harmonize the procedures under which member states control the manufacture, marketing and use of most kinds of veterinary medicines. These directives are due to be implemented by the autumn of this year and their effects on the practising veterinary surgeon are summarised here. The directives aim to ensure that national rules for the production and marketing of veterinary medicines safeguard public health and animal health without hindering the development of trade and industry in medicinal products within the Community. It follows that any controls should be sufficient to prevent, for example, undesirable residues in food but that national authorities should not use these controls as hidden barriers to trade.
Vet Rec 1983 Oct 01
PMID:The EEC veterinary medicines directives. 664 47

Among the consequences of the epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza which affected Italy between 1999 and 2000 was an epidemic of Newcastle disease in northern and central Italy. It affected industrially reared poultry, dealer flocks and backyard flocks, with a total of 254 outbreaks notified up to December 31, 2000. Virological investigations yielded virulent isolates of Newcastle disease virus, which produced intracerebral pathogenicity indices ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 and which, on the basis of their monoclonal antibody binding patterns, could be classified as belonging to group C1. The clinical, gross and microscopical findings were typical of Newcastle disease, and different avian species were susceptible to different degrees. Chickens and guinea fowl appeared to be the most susceptible, followed by pheasants, turkeys and ostriches. The epidemiological inquiry highlighted the crucial role of a broiler hatchery in initiating the epidemic, and of dealers in perpetuating it. The control measures imposed by Directive 92/66/EEC are discussed with reference to the outbreaks in backyard flocks.
Vet Rec 2002 May 04
PMID:Newcastle disease outbreaks in Italy during 2000. 1201 48