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Four hundred and twenty-seven cases of first-reported foot lameness were recorded in 17 dairy herds in Somerset during the winter housing period. Lameness was classified into three categories: sole ulceration, digital disease (white line abscess, foreign bodies in the sole and pricked or punctured sole), and interdigital disease (lesions of the skin between claws and heel including foul in the foot, interdigital fibroma and dermatitis). In addition, a 'clinical effect score' was calculated to take account of the severity of lameness, the structures involved and the time for which the cows were clinically affected. The fertility records of lame cows were compared with those of the healthy cows nearest in parity and stage of lactation. In the lame cows the interval from calving to first service was four days longer, and the interval from calving to conception was 14 days longer than in the control cows, the pregnancy rate to first service was 46 per cent (controls 56 per cent), 2.14 services were required per conception (controls 1.72) and 16 per cent of lame cows were culled (controls 5 per cent). Lameness, first reported in the period 36 to 70 days after calving, was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the interval from calving to first service of eight days; and sole ulceration, in the period 71 to 120 days after calving, was associated with an increase of 11 days (P less than 0.05). Lameness in all periods up to 120 days after calving was associated with significantly increased intervals from calving to conception (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1989 Jul 29
PMID:Associations between types of lameness and fertility. 277 42

One thousand, four hundred and ninety-one lactations in 770 Friesian, Holstein and Ayrshire crossbred cows have been used to study the associations between lameness and fertility. Lameness was associated with a longer interval between calving and first service and a longer interval between calving and conception. The largest increases in these intervals, of 17 and 30 days, respectively, occurred in cows with either sole or white line lesions occurring between 36 and 70 days after calving. The conception rate during the 63 days before a diagnosis of lameness was made was lower (31 per cent) than at other times (40 per cent).
Vet Rec 1986 Jun 07
PMID:The association between lameness and fertility in dairy cows. 373 54

Lameness in herds during one year was commonest in the first month of lactation (15 per cent of all cases). Leg lesions were particularly common at this time (24 per cent of all cases of leg lesions) but white line abscess and sole ulcer were more common a month later. Foul-in-the-foot was one of the two most common lesions at all stages of pregnancy and lactation, and white line abscess the most common (20 per cent of all lesions) in late lactation. Both sole ulcer and underrun heel had lower incidence in the second half of the year than the first. White line abscess was particularly common in March and November although there were significant interactions between month and veterinary practice; foul-in-the-foot was most common in October. Susceptibility to lameness increased with age; 10-year-old cows were over four times more likely to develop lameness than three-year-old cows. This was due particularly to increased incidence with age of white line abscess and sole ulcer and, to a lesser extent, underrun heel. In contrast, foul-in-the-foot and leg lesions showed little change with age. Whereas these lesions accounted for 68 per cent of the total in cows up to two years old, they accounted for only 15 per cent of all lesions in cows over 10 years old. White line abscess was slightly commoner in cows with large heart girths.
Vet Rec 1985 Nov 30
PMID:Effects of stage of lactation, month, age, origin and heart girth on lameness in dairy cattle. 409 Feb 5

A three year study of practice records of lame cows and meteorological data on rainfall suggests a correlation between rainfall and incidence of lameness in dairy cattle. Over a 12 month period requests to treat lameness in 1256 cattle were received by one six-person practice and were the subject of a detailed survey. The incidence on the 150 farms where lameness was recorded was 7.33 per cent, 92.2 per cent of lameness occurring in the foot. White line disease (34.9 per cent), pricked sole (20.4 per cent), foul in the foot (14.3 per cent) ulcerated sole (11.4 per cent), and foreign body (4.8 per cent) accounted for 85.8 per cent of the 927 recorded foot lesions. Hind feet lameness appeared more common in older cows, but this was not shown to be the case with front foot lameness. Lameness also appeared to be most common in early lactation and of relatively low incidence in the dry period. The seasonal distribution differed between the lesions, ulcerated sole being more common February to May, foul in the foot and white line separation in the autumn, and white line abscess and pricked sole in the autumn and winter months.
Vet Rec 1980 Feb 16
PMID:Some observations on the incidence of lameness in dairy cattle in Somerset. 736 34

An observational study of the relationships between clinical lameness and herd-level risk factors was made in 18 dairy herds in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Lameness in the lactating cows was assessed by two observers during herd visits made in the summer of 1989 and the spring of 1990, using a uniform scoring system. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the general management, routine hoof care, nutrition, housing and flooring on the farms. Factors associated with the prevalence of clinical lameness in the summer included stall moisture, the size of the exercise area for the lactating cows and the amounts of dry concentrates and fresh forages fed to them. Factors associated with clinical lameness in the spring included the use of parlour milking facilities and the frequency with which the rations for the lactating cows were balanced.
Vet Rec 1995 May 27
PMID:Some risk factors associated with clinical lameness in dairy herds in Minnesota and Wisconsin. 766 May 57

Lameness in dairy cattle is important from welfare and economic points of view. In 15 dairy farms in England, the prevalence of lameness was correlated highly significantly and inversely with the knowledge, level of training and awareness of the farmers.
Vet Rec 1994 Feb 12
PMID:Lameness in dairy cows and farmers' knowledge, training and awareness. 816 Mar 29

Lameness is prevalent among broiler chickens and there is concern that it is chronically painful. The administration of an analgesic has been frequently used to identify pain in lame farm animals. Therefore, in this study the ability of lame and normal broiler chickens to traverse an obstacle course was tested after treatment with the analgesic, carprofen, a placebo saline injection or a control handling procedure. Sound birds traversed the course in approximately 11 seconds, irrespective of treatment. Lame birds took approximately 34 seconds to traverse the course, unless they received carprofen, which reduced their completion time to 18 seconds. Thus, carprofen substantially increased the speed of lame birds, providing evidence that birds with moderate lameness suffer pain when they walk.
Vet Rec 1999 Jun 12
PMID:Effect of carprofen on lameness in broiler chickens. 1040 6

A prospective study of injuries and disease in a cohort of Australian thoroughbreds in training was conducted with the participation of 24 trainers. From the horses catalogued at a major yearling sale in 1995, 169 were enrolled in the study and followed through their two- and three-year-old racing seasons. The principal aim was to quantify the time lost in training as a result of the various categories of injuries and disease, recorded as either days of modified training, or weeks rested at pasture. Shin soreness was the most common condition in two-year-olds (affecting 42 per cent of the horses that had entered training), followed by fetlock problems (25 per cent), and coughs and nasal discharge (16 per cent). Lameness, excluding lacerations and traumatic injuries, was the most common reason for lost training days (56.2 per cent of total days modified) and for resting horses at pasture (81.2 per cent of total weeks rested for injury or disease). Of the individual categories of injury or disease, lacerations and traumatic injuries, coughs and nasal discharge, shin soreness, carpal problems and fetlock problems were the most important causes of modified training days. In terms of weeks rested at pasture, fetlock problems, shin soreness, carpal problems, and coughs and nasal discharge had the greatest impact. Major injury was uncommon in young horses in training, but there was a high incidence of relatively low-grade injuries and disease during the training of two-year-olds.
Vet Rec 1999 Oct 23
PMID:Impact of injuries and disease on a cohort of two- and three-year-old thoroughbreds in training. 1059 71

Lameness and lesions in the claws of 31 autumn-calving Holstein Friesian dairy cows were recorded from before their first-calving until their fifth lactation. The animals were managed by the same herdsman and housed adjacently in the same building in one of two herds grazed either on clover-rich pastures (herd 1) or on conventional ryegrass (herd 2). All four hooves were examined routinely four times during each lactation, and claw lesions were scored for severity and drawn on hoof maps. Heel erosion and infectious skin conditions of the hoof were also recorded, and hoof conformation, hardness, and growth and wear were measured. The animals' locomotion was scored weekly throughout the winter housing period and any observed to be lame were examined to determine the cause. The development of lesions was modelled by using hierarchic smoothing splines. There was no significant effect of herd except on the prevalence of lameness in lactation 2 when the incidence of (inter)digital dermatitis was higher in herd 2. Lesion and locomotion scores were significantly higher by lactation 4 (P<0.05). There were significant effects (P<0.05) of weeks postcalving on lesion formation, claw conformation, and heel erosion.
Vet Rec 2000 Jul 22
PMID:Observations of lameness, hoof conformation and development of lesions in dairy cattle over four lactations. 1095 82

Lameness in piglets up to nine weeks old was studied in a research station herd for four years; 9411 piglets were born alive, of which 9.8 per cent were treated for lameness. In litters born to gilts, 9.9 per cent of the piglets were treated for lameness, in litters born to sows of parity 3, 11.4 per cent of the piglets were treated, but in litters born to sows of parity 4 to 7 the proportion of piglets treated for lameness decreased to about 8 per cent. Around 75 per cent of all cases were observed in piglets less than three weeks old; the incidence risk of lameness decreased from 2.7 per cent during the first week of life to 0.3 per cent after weaning. The average weight of affected piglets was reduced by approximately 8 per cent at nine weeks of age. There was no overall association between lameness and sex or birth weight within sex. The mortality among lame gilts was higher at all ages than among healthy gilts, but among barrows a higher mortality was observed only during the late suckling period. Litters with 12 or more piglets had a higher incidence of lameness. Clinical signs of disease in the sow and whether the piglets were given an intramuscular injection of 200 mg of iron on their second, third or fourth day of life had no effect on the incidence of lameness.
Vet Rec 2003 Sep 13
PMID:Four-year study of lameness in piglets at a research station. 1451 14


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