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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Losses resulting from pestivirus infections in cattle are of considerable importance to the livestock industry yet, until relatively recently, they have been poorly understood. The escalation of research effort in this field has started to clarify the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the associated diseases but the evolution of understanding is far from complete. Sufficient information exists to indicate the means by which pestivirus infection is introduced to and maintained in populations of cattle. A brief review of current knowledge is given placing particular emphasis on the role played by persistent infections which have resulted from intrauterine infection. The crux of the problem of control is seen to be the avoidance of fetal infection in early gestation. Ways of achieving this which include the immunisation of female cattle with live or inactivated virus vaccines are discussed and areas requiring further work are indicated.
Vet Rec 1986 Feb 08
PMID:BVD virus infection: prospects for control. 395 69

Nine cows which were naturally and persistently infected with Neospora caninum were housed and observed intensively throughout pregnancy. No recrudescence of a latent infection was detected by PCR tests on maternal blood but fetal infection, implying a recrudescence of maternal parasitosis, was associated with a marked increase in maternal antibody. The increase occurred in the second half of pregnancy in five cows which infected their calves, and before mid-pregnancy in one cow which aborted. There was no change in the avidity of the antibody, which remained high and characteristic of long-term infection. In three infected cows that gave birth to uninfected calves there was no marked increase in maternal antibody. Antigen-specific interferon gamma responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed in all the infected cattle but they did not vary significantly either during pregnancy, or whether the cows did or did not infect their calves, although the responses were consistently higher in the latter. There was no change in the plasma concentrations of cortisol or acute phase proteins associated with the recrudescence of the parasite. Three uninfected cows housed with the infected cows remained uninfected throughout the experiment. No immunosuppressive event was detected which might have provoked parasite recrudescence but the acute antibody rise associated with transplacental infection provides a valuable, non-invasive marker for further studies to investigate the cause and consequences of parasite recrudescence in N caninum infection in cattle.
Vet Rec 2001 Oct 13
PMID:Neospora caninum in persistently infected, pregnant cows: spontaneous transplacental infection is associated with an acute increase in maternal antibody. 1168 46