Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Marine toxins have drawn wide interest because their economical impact and disastrous effect upon the shellfish industry and public health in many parts of the world. One of the most interesting group of substances of marine toxins, from structural and pharmacological points of view are polyether compounds, which generally present a great diversity in size and potent biological activities. The subject of this work was about to biosynthesis of okadaic acid skeleton as leader as DSP toxins. Its biosynthesis attracts considerable attention since the carbon skeleton has been shown to be synthesised via an unusual route. In this paper we report on stable isotope incorporation experiments on DSP toxin in artificial cultures of dinoflagellate. The comparison of the degrees of incorporation in these samples measured by different methods led to contradictory results. This implies that further experimental data is needed in order to propose a logical biogenetic scheme.
Chem Rec 2004
PMID:Biosynthetic studies of the DSP toxin skeleton. 1505 64

The feasibility of developing an immobilised protein phosphatase (PP) biosensor was tested by immobilising PP onto CNBr-activated Sepharose beads placed in Millipore microfilter plate wells. Under optimised immobilised enzyme assay conditions, okadaic acid (OA) and microcystin LR (MC-LR) inhibited Upstate Biotechnology PP (PP-2A), with IC50 values of 12.5 and 11nM respectively. Similarly, immobilised recombinant PP type 1 (rec PP-1) was inhibited by MC-LR and OA, with IC50 values of 150 and >1000nM respectively. The IC50 values for free PP-2A against OA and MC-LR were 2.5 and 3.5nM, and 0.7nM and 200nM for rec PP-1 against the same substrates respectively. For free and immobilised Neptunea arthritic PP (PP-2Ana) against OA the IC50 values were 0.45 and >1000nM respectively. Of the three immobilised enzyme systems, PP-2A showed greatest sensitivity to OA and MC-LR followed by rec PP-1 and PP-2Ana. In assessments for re-usability (determined by removal of > or =70% OA or MC-LR inhibition of PP-2A by washing), <50% of the original activity remained after 20 washings. Including 1M NaCl in the wash buffer did not increase enzyme activity with wash frequency, but rather "salted in" the inhibitor. The LoD of immobilised PP-2A to MC-LR meets the WHO guideline of 1microgl(-1) for drinking water, and the sensitivity to OA (3.5microgl(-1)) would allow detection of DSP during the peak of some phytoplankton blooms.
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PMID:Assessment of protein phosphatase in a re-usable rapid assay format in detecting microcystins and okadaic acid as a precursor to biosensor development. 1881 83