Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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The correlation between the cytochemistry (glycoprotein, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphatase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase) and the growth rate of the fast-growing Morris hepatoma 3924A and the slow-growing Morris hepatoma 9618A was studied by utracytochemical techniques. By the chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid technique, acid glycoprotein is stained in glycocalyx, Golgi saccules and vesicles, and secretory granules of the tumor cells of both hepatomas. However, the hepatoma 3924A cells contain thicker glycocalyx and more numerous glycoprotein-rich granules than hepatoma 9618A cells. Abundant alpha and beta glycogen particles are found in hepatoma 3924A. Moderate glucose-6-phosphatase activity is observed in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of hepatoma 9618A, but it is totally absent in hepatoma 3924A. High catalase activity is present in numerous peroxisomes of hepatoma 9618A. Hepatoma 3924A contains only a few catalase-positive microperoxisomes. Weak to moderate alkaline phosphatase is present in the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope of hepatoma 9618A cells, while hepatoma 3924A shows no activity of the enzyme. All the cytochemical parameters except glycoprotein show an inverse relationship with the growth rate of the hepatomas. The higher intracellular glycoprotein content of hepatoma 3924A may be related to differences in cell coat secretion (composition and activity) from the slower-growing hepatoma 9618A
Anat Rec 1982 Feb
PMID:Correlation between growth rate and cytochemistry in Morris hepatomas. 627 86

One hundred and fifty-one, day 6 or 7, embryos collected from cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were transferred to uninfected recipients. Thirty-two pregnancies resulted. Two animals aborted at seven months. Three sets of twins and one single calf were still-born. The remaining 26 pregnancies produced 27 live calves which were raised to six months of age. All of the recipients, pregnant and non-pregnant, and all of the calves remained serologically negative for antibodies to BLV-glycoprotein antigen.
Vet Rec 1982 Aug 07
PMID:Transfer of embryos from bovine leukaemia virus-infected cattle to uninfected recipients: preliminary results. 628 9

Mouse and guinea pig epididymal tissues have been investigated by light and electron microscopic autoradiography after long intervals ranging from 24 h to 5 days postinjection (p.i.) of the glycoprotein precursors, L-fucose-6-3H or D-glucosamine-1-3H. Using modified fixations to enhance glycoprotein preservation in situ, we found intense labelling of luminal contents in at least some of the epididymal segments after all the intervals investigated. At 24 h p.i., the label in guinea pig was associated with spermatozoa during remodelling of the acrosome in segment II, and at 3 days p.i., radioactivity was trapped within sperm head associations ("rouleaux") in segment IV of the epididymis. At this time, similar rouleau labelling extended from segment IV to segment VIII. In mouse, the luminal contents of the cauda epididymis were still intensely labelled at 5 days p.i.; analysis of the electron microscopic autoradiograms showed that relative grain concentration over the spermatozoa was twice that of the epididymal plasma. This concentration was especially elevated in the region of the sperm head. These findings taken together were interpreted as the binding of secreted epididymal glycoproteins to spermatozoa during sperm transit through the epididymis. In contrast to luminal contents, the labelling of the epididymal epithelium was generally lower, except on the clear cells which showed more pronounced labelling than the neighboring principal cells in mouse cauda epididymis at 5 days p.i. This label probably originated from the resorption of luminal glycoproteins.
Anat Rec 1984 Feb
PMID:Binding of secreted glycoproteins to spermatozoa in the mammalian epididymis: a fine-structure autoradiographic study. 670 37

In dog thyroid glands there are C cell follicles which are lined solely by C cells and which accumulate a colloidlike substance in the luminal cavities. In order to clarify the properties of the colloidlike substance secreted by C cells, the C cell follicles were stained with PAS reaction and immunoperoxidase method using anticalcitonin, anti-C-thyroglobulin, and anti-19S-thyroglobulin antisera, respectively. The colloidlike substance was PAS positive and revealed the strong immunoreaction for C-thyroglobulin but a faint reaction for calcitonin. It was nonreactive with anti-19-thyroglobulin antiserum. These results confirm that C cells synthesize the glycoprotein immunoreactive to anti-C-thyroglobulin antiserum in addition to calcitonin and can store it in the follicular lumens.
Anat Rec 1982 Sep
PMID:Immunohistochemical study of c cell follicles in dog thyroid glands. 675 11

The distribution of complex carbohydrates has been investigated cytochemically at the light and electron microscope levels in collecting ducts of the guinea pig kidney. The dialyzed iron method demonstrated acidic complex carbohydrate ultrastructurally on the outer surface of the apical and the basolateral plasmalemma of the principal cells and in their maturing Golgi cisternae and secretory granules. Glycoconjugate in these sites stained for sulfate esters with the high iron diamine method but lacked reactivity toward the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-T-SP) sequence for visualizing vic glycol-containing glycoprotein. Lability to testicular hyaluronidase and resistance to sialidase identified the Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in principal cell granules and the plasmalemmae as a chondroitin sulfate. In contrast, intercalated cells of the collecting ducts failed to stain with the cationic reagents, but showed light PA-T-SP reactivity demonstrative of neutral glycoprotein in the glycocalyx of the apical plasmalemma. Immunostaining with the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge procedure localized carbonic anhydrase selectively to the intercalated cells. The ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on the guinea pig collecting ducts implicate intercalated cells in fluid and electrolyte transport and principal cells in secretion of a chondroitin sulfate to the tubule lumen and intercellular space.
Anat Rec 1982 Apr
PMID:Cell specialization in collecting tubules of the guinea pig kidney: carbonic anhydrase activity and glycosaminoglycan production in different cells. 680 16

The distribution of the glycoprotein, fibronectin, within the cranial region of stage 8--16 chick embryos was examined by indirect immunofluorescence using paraffin sections exposed to affinity-purified rabbit anti-human CIG and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins. Fluorescence was present within the matrix surrounding the cranial mesenchyme, along the basal surfaces of all epithelia, and surrounding the notochord at all stages. Fluorescence associated with the floor of the foregut was particularly intense. The fluorescent layers beneath the ectoderm and endoderm of the oral (oropharyngeal) membrane at stage 8 merged into a single, continuous, intensely fluorescent line as the extracellular space within the oral membrane narrowed during stages 9--12. This line of uniform fluorescence parallels the previously described histological reorganization of the extracellular compartment of the oral membrane, but the ultrastructural localization of this fluorescent material remains unknown. Fluorescence was also intense beneath the foregut endoderm in the presumptive cardiac region caudal to the oral membrane and was continuous with strands of fluorescent material extending into the matrix of the dorsal mesocardium and cardiac jelly of the developing tubular heart. These observations indicate that the extracellular matrix associated with the floor of the entire foregut contains fibronectin during stages encompassing the formation and rupture of the oral membrane. The presence of fibronectin within the oral membrane and dorsal mesocardium, as well as between Rathke's pouch and infundibulum and within the closing plates between ectodermal clefts and endodermal pouches, is consistent with the possibility that this glycoprotein may play a role in adhesion at these sites.
Anat Rec 1980 Dec
PMID:Indirect immunofluorescent staining of fibronectin associated with the floor of the foregut during formation and rupture of the oral membrane in the chick embryo. 701 Oct 98

Sera from 33 Australian thoroughbred mares were tested during an outbreak of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) abortion with an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for the presence of EHV1-specific antibodies. The ELISA used a recombinant EHV1 antigen derived from glycoprotein G (gG) and distinguished antibodies to EHV1 from those of the antigenically related and widespread herpesvirus EHV4. Sera were obtained from most of the mares on three occasions, three, 13 and 67 days after the first abortion. Mares which were negative in the ELISA were kept separate from mares which were positive. A second abortion occurred two days after the first and two more abortions and one perinatal death occurred later. Sera from these last three mares showed a significant increase in EHV1-specific antibody on day 13 indicating a recent infection with EHV1. Ten other mares did not have antibodies to EHV1 on day 13 but had seroconverted to EHV1 by day 67. Despite the EHV1 infection, these mares foaled normally, possibly because the infection had occurred either late in gestation or after foaling. Seven mares that remained negative in the ELISA throughout the testing period did not abort, and neither did 11 mares that were positive in the ELISA when they were first tested.
Vet Rec 1995 Jun 10
PMID:Application of an equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) type-specific ELISA to the management of an outbreak of EHV1 abortion. 757 Dec 49

We previously reported that residues 9-30 of the extracellular N-terminus domain of the rat FSH receptor, which has no homologous sequence in receptors for related pituitary glycoprotein hormones, represented a specific FSH binding domain. Further examination of its deduced primary structure identified another region, residues 300-315, which was also unique to the FSH receptor. To determine whether this region of the FSH receptor was involved in hormone binding, a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 300-315 was studied with respect to its ability to bind FSH, as well as a series of nine overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire primary structure of the hormone specific FSH beta-subunit. 125I-FSH rec-(300-315) peptide bound to immobilized human, ovine and bovine FSH, but not to prolactin or ovalbumin. Of the nine synthetic peptides studied, binding was restricted to FSH beta residues 21-35, and to a much lesser extent (20%) to residues 11-25. All binding was abolished in the presence of excess solubilized FSH receptor. Earlier studies indicated that although FSH binds to FSH rec(9-30) peptide, residues 11-25 or 21-35 of the FSH beta-subunit were not involved. Our results suggest the FSH receptor N-terminus, extracellular residues 300-315, may define a FSH binding site, and that binding of FSH beta-subunit may occur via interactions with FSH beta 21-35 and 11-25.
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PMID:Identification of amino acid residues 300-315 of the rat FSH receptor as a hormone binding domain: evidence for its interaction with specific regions of FSH beta-subunit. 775 15

Attempts to control Aujeszky's disease by vaccination with a glycoprotein-I negative subunit vaccine have been made on nine New Zealand pig farms. Thirty-one to 42 months after the programme of vaccination began, its progress was assessed by measuring the gI-antibody response in pigs from seven of the farms. Three farms had totally eradicated the 'wild' virus infection, one farm was close to achieving complete eradication and the other three farms had made little or no progress. One of the farms which eradicated the 'wild' virus infection achieved this status in two years by combining vaccination with an intensive testing and culling programme; the other two farms had eradicated the 'wild' virus infection by a combination of vaccination and good standards of hygiene without undertaking an intensive culling programme. The farms that had made little or no progress had less satisfactory standards of hygiene and did not practise an intensive testing and culling programme.
Vet Rec 1994 Aug 27
PMID:Progress towards the eradication of Aujeszky's disease in New Zealand by vaccination with a subunit vaccine. 799 81

Serum and colostrum samples taken from 499 sows from five herds of pigs endemically infected and vaccinated against Aujeszky's disease virus, were used to investigate whether colostrum could be used to detect antibodies against glycoprotein I (gI) of the virus. Using serum as the reference, the test applied to colostrum had a sensitivity of 97 per cent and a specificity of 88 per cent. When samples were taken from 50 sows from a gI seronegative vaccinated herd, one colostrum sample was gI-positive, giving a specificity for the test of 98 per cent. The mean gI antibody titres in colostrum were about six times higher than in serum. Samples of colostrum were also taken from 132 sows from eight unvaccinated herds free of Aujeszky's disease virus. All these samples were gI-negative, giving a specificity of 100 per cent. Colostrum samples can be stored for at least six weeks at -20 degrees C without compromising the test results, and the repeatability and reproducibility of the test applied to colostrum were good.
Vet Rec 1993 Dec 11
PMID:Use of colostrum to detect antibodies against glycoprotein I of Aujeszky's disease virus. 811 69


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