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MRI-based study of (3)He gas diffusion in lungs may provide important information on lung microstructure. Lung acinar airways can be described in terms of cylinders covered with alveolar sleeve [Haefeli-Bleuer, Weibel, Anat. Rec. 220 (1988) 401]. For relatively short diffusion times (on the order of a few ms) this geometry allows description of the (3)He diffusion attenuated MR signal in lungs in terms of two diffusion coefficients-longitudinal (D(L)) and transverse (D(T)) with respect to the individual acinar airway axis [Yablonskiy et al., PNAS 99 (2002) 3111]. In this paper, empirical relationships between D(L) and D(T) and the geometrical parameters of airways and alveoli are found by means of computer Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of non-Gaussian signal behavior (dependence of D(L) and D(T) on b-value) are also taken into account. The results obtained are quantitatively valid in the physiologically important range of airway parameters characteristic of healthy lungs and lungs with mild emphysema. In lungs with advanced emphysema, the results provide only "apparent" characteristics but still could potentially be used to evaluate emphysema progression. This creates a basis for in vivo lung morphometry-evaluation of the geometrical parameters of acinar airways from hyperpolarized (3)He diffusion MRI, despite the airways being too small to be resolved by direct imaging. These results also predict a rather substantial dependence of (3)He ADC on the experimentally-controllable diffusion time, Delta. If Delta is decreased from 3 ms to 1 ms, the ADC in normal human lungs may increase by almost 50%. This effect should be taken into account when comparing experimental data obtained with different pulse sequences.
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PMID:In vivo lung morphometry with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI: theoretical background. 1803 13

The University of Washington developed a Firewire based data acquisition system for the MiCES small animal PET scanner. Development work has continued on new imaging scanners that require more data channels and need to be able to operate within a MRI imaging system. To support these scanners, we have designed a new version of our data acquisition system that leverages the capabilities of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The new design preserves the basic approach of the original system, but puts almost all functions into the FPGA, including the Firewire elements, the embedded processor, and pulse timing and pulse integration. The design has been extended to support implementation of the position estimation and DOl algorithms developed for the cMiCE detector module. The design is centered around an acquisition node board (ANB) that includes 65 ADC channels, Firewire 1394b support, the FPGA, a serial command bus and signal lines to support a rough coincidence window implementation to reject singles events from being sent on the Firewire bus. Adapter boards convert detector signals into differential paired signals to connect to the ANB.
IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec (1997) 2008 Oct 19
PMID:Design of a Second Generation Firewire Based Data Acquisition System for Small Animal PET Scanners. 2022 58

Our laboratory has previously reported on the basic design concepts of an updated FireWire based data acquisition system for depth-of-interaction detector systems designed at the University of Washington. The new version of our data acquisition system leverages the capabilities of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and puts almost all functions into the FPGA, including the FireWire elements, the embedded processor, and pulse timing and integration. The design is centered around an acquisition node board (ANB) that includes 64 serial ADC channels, one high speed parallel ADC, FireWire 1394b support, the FPGA, a serial command bus and signal lines to support a rough coincidence window implementation to reject singles events from being sent on the FireWire bus. Adapter boards convert detector signals into differential paired signals to connect to the ANB. In this paper we discuss many of the design details, including steps taken to minimize the number of layers in the printed circuit board and to avoid skewing of parallel signals and unwanted bandwidth limitations.
IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Rec (1997) 2010 Oct 30
PMID:Evolution of the Design of a Second Generation FireWire Based Data Acquisition System. 2222 35