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The subcellular distribution of esterases was studied in mouse epididymis by using 5-bromo-indoxyl-acetate as a substrate. In all the cells of the duct, a low level of esterase activity was detected except in one of the five segments of the head--segment IV; in one of the three types of apical cells--the "prominent cells"; and in the "clear cells" scattered in the middle and distal parts. In these cells, the intensity of the reaction was high. The reaction product was consistently found in the endoplasmic reticulum and was more abundant in cells showing a high level of activity than in others. In cells with low esterase activity, the reaction was mainly restricted to this organelle. In highly active cells, the spectrum of subcellular locations was selectively enlarged and esterase was demonstrated in almost all cell compartments, including the cell membrane, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, lytic structures, and, more rarely in the Golgi apparatus or microvilli. These locations were dependent on cell type. A weak enzyme activity also appeared on mature spermatozoa.
Anat Rec 1986 Feb
PMID:Subcellular distribution of the nonspecific esterase in the mouse epididymis with special reference to regional differences. 395 68

Electron microscopic examination of the extrahepatic distribution of pit cells, a cell type found in the liver, revealed their existence in several other organs of the rat. They were relatively frequent in lungs, spleen (red pulp), small intestine, epididymis, trachea, and peripheral blood; much fewer in bone marrow and thymus (medulla); and nonexistent in lymph nodes, spleen (white pulp), and thymus (cortex). The pit cells in these organs, as well as in the liver, contained characteristic dense granules and rod-cored vesicles in the cytoplasm. Our observations suggest that pit cells circulating in the peripheral blood adhere to the endothelium of capillaries in the various organs and migrate into the tissue, where they have some special immunological function.
Anat Rec 1985 Feb
PMID:Pit cells in extrahepatic organs of the rat. 397 86

Glucose 6-phosphatase activity is higher in the principal cell than in other cell types in the terminal segment and caudal half of the middle segment of the mouse epididymis. Effect of castration and testosterone replacement on the high enzyme activity in the principal cell was studied in the terminal segment and the caudal half of the middle segment (cytochemical study), and in the whole epididymis (biochemical study). Ten, 20, or 30 days after castration, the abundant amount of reaction product seen in principal cells from intact control animals decreased to the level in basal cells, halo cells, and smooth muscle cells. However, in animals treated with testosterone following castration, the reaction product in principal cells remained abundant. Changes in the biochemical activity after castration or testosterone administration following castration paralleled the cytochemical results. Thus, the high activity in the principal cell is under the control of testosterone.
Anat Rec 1983 Oct
PMID:Effect of castration and testosterone replacement on high glucose 6-phosphatase activity in principal cells of the mouse epididymis. 631 10

Regional differences in the proximal part of mouse epididymis were reported to provide a morphological baseline for studies on functional zonation of this part that is critical in sperm maturation. Macroscopical, histological, ultrastructural, and histochemical observations permitted us to subdivide this part into five segments, characterized by epithelial height, nuclear position, cytological and histochemical features of principal cells. Segment I corresponded to the initial segment previously described in rodents. Segment II differed from segment I by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dictyosomes aspect in principal cells, apical alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activities. Segment III was characterized by spermatozoa package, high content of cells in multivesicular bodies, mitochondria shape, complex interdigitating membranes, and strong periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cell border. Segments IV and V presented the same cytological features but differed by their esterase activity. In the principal cells of each segment, dense spherical concretions were scattered in ER caveolae. Cells with apical nuclei were classified into two groups. The cells of the first group presented the same morphological and histochemical features as the adjacent principal cells and were scattered in the five segments ("apical cells"). The cells of the second group differed from the others by their goblet shape, a dense cytoplasm, and a high mitochondria succinate-D activity. They presented different cytological and histochemical features depending on their localization in segments I ("narrow cells"), II ("prominent cells"), or III, IV, V ("mitochondria goblet-cells"). The possible relationships between epithelium structure and epididymal functions were herein discussed.
Anat Rec 1984 Jun
PMID:Regional differences of the proximal part of mouse epididymis: morphological and histochemical characterization. 646 30

The blood supply, microvasculature, and ultrastructure of the capillaries in the epididymis in adult mice were regionally examined. The epididymal duct of the initial segment is surrounded with a dense network of fenestrated capillaries running just under the epithelium. The other segments have loose networks of nonfenestrated capillaries running in the interductal connective tissue. The fenestration of capillaries in the initial segment was markedly reduced in frequency immediately after cutting the efferent duct. In adult mice which were subjected to cutting of the efferent duct neonatally, the dense capillary network did not develop, and fenestrated capillaries were absent in the initial segment. We interpret our results to indicate that the fenestrated capillaries in the initial segment provide for absorption of the testicular fluid and that their development is dependent upon the testicular fluid entering the epididymal duct.
Anat Rec 1984 Jun
PMID:Microvasculature of the mouse epididymis, with special reference to fenestrated capillaries localized in the initial segment. 646 31

The secretory pathway in principal cells of the mouse epididymis was studied using in vitro labeling and electron microscope radioautography of tissue exposed to the ionophore monensin. After a 5-minute pulse of 3H-leucine, control samples of caput epididymidis were incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer solution (MKRH medium), while experimental specimens were placed in the same medium, to which 1 microM monensin had been added. At intervals between 5 minutes and 4 hours, samples were fixed and prepared for electron microscope radioautography. Analysis of control specimens revealed heaviest labeling of the rough and the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum early in the experiment followed by a fall in radioactivity, maximal labeling of the Golgi apparatus at 30 minutes, and a pronounced rise in the percentage of grains associated with the apical cell surface and the epididymal lumen beginning 1 hour after administration of precursor. In monensin-treated epididymides, radioactive material accumulated in the Golgi region while the normal increase in labeling of the apical surface and the lumen was completely inhibited for at least 2 hours. The percentage of grains attributed to coated vesicles was also reduced in samples exposed to monensin. In contrast, labeling patterns of the abundant, sparsely granulated, endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were very similar in monensin-treated and control specimens. The concomitant alterations in labeling of the Golgi apparatus and the lumen demonstrate that the Golgi apparatus participates in intracellular transport of secretory proteins in epididymal principal cells, and is not bypassed as previously suggested. The percentage of grains associated with the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum suggests that much of the synthesis of secretory protein in the principal cells occurs in this organelle, and the lack of alteration of its labeling in the presence of a monensin-induced block at the level of the Golgi apparatus indicates that the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum lies before the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway. It is speculated that vesicles play a role in transport of secretory protein from the Golgi apparatus to the lumen.
Anat Rec 1984 Nov
PMID:The secretory pathway in the mouse epididymis as shown by electron microscope radioautography of principal cells exposed to monensin. 652 87

Changes in electronegative and electropositive surface charges and in lectin receptors (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) were investigated on sperm plasma membranes of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) during epididymal transit and after ejaculation. Electronegative charges at pH 1.8, which were uniformly distributed on the whole plasma membrane of caput epididymal spermatozoa, increased mainly on the postacrosomal cap and the tail during epididymal passage. Electropositive charges at pH 9 were simultaneously found on the whole cell surface of caput epididymal spermatozoa with a stronger labeling on the acrosomal apex, the postacrosomal cap, and the tail. These charges disappeared during passage through the epididymis corpus. The surface distribution of lectin receptors varied inversely during epididymal transit with an increase in concanavalin A receptors and a decrease in wheat germ agglutinin receptors. These data show that changes in the monkey sperm plasma membrane during epididymal maturation occur in the distal corpus of the epididymis.
Anat Rec 1984 Mar
PMID:A cytochemical study on surface charges and lectin-binding sites in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa of Macaca fascicularis. 654 30

Mouse and guinea pig epididymal tissues have been investigated by light and electron microscopic autoradiography after long intervals ranging from 24 h to 5 days postinjection (p.i.) of the glycoprotein precursors, L-fucose-6-3H or D-glucosamine-1-3H. Using modified fixations to enhance glycoprotein preservation in situ, we found intense labelling of luminal contents in at least some of the epididymal segments after all the intervals investigated. At 24 h p.i., the label in guinea pig was associated with spermatozoa during remodelling of the acrosome in segment II, and at 3 days p.i., radioactivity was trapped within sperm head associations ("rouleaux") in segment IV of the epididymis. At this time, similar rouleau labelling extended from segment IV to segment VIII. In mouse, the luminal contents of the cauda epididymis were still intensely labelled at 5 days p.i.; analysis of the electron microscopic autoradiograms showed that relative grain concentration over the spermatozoa was twice that of the epididymal plasma. This concentration was especially elevated in the region of the sperm head. These findings taken together were interpreted as the binding of secreted epididymal glycoproteins to spermatozoa during sperm transit through the epididymis. In contrast to luminal contents, the labelling of the epididymal epithelium was generally lower, except on the clear cells which showed more pronounced labelling than the neighboring principal cells in mouse cauda epididymis at 5 days p.i. This label probably originated from the resorption of luminal glycoproteins.
Anat Rec 1984 Feb
PMID:Binding of secreted glycoproteins to spermatozoa in the mammalian epididymis: a fine-structure autoradiographic study. 670 37

Young adult male hamsters were subjected to bilateral vasectomy. The reproductive tracts were studied by light and electron microscopy at intervals up to 1 year after the operation. Sperm continued to be produced, since testicular alterations were focal. Spermatic granulomas were associated with the excurrent ducts of all animals 5 months or 1 year after vasectomy and with those of one of four hamsters 2 weeks after the operation. Phagocytosis of sperm in the lumina of the efferent ducts and proximal parts of the epididymis, and disintegration of membranous components of intraluminal sperm occurred in approximately three-fourths of the animals studied 5 months or more after vasectomy. The results indicate that after vasectomy in the hamster sperm are disposed of by phagocytosis in spermatic granulomas, intraluminal phagocytosis, and dissolution in the lumen of the male ducts, although the latter process may be incomplete.
Anat Rec 1982 Feb
PMID:The fate of sperm after vasectomy in the hamster. 706 23

The proliferative activity of the rat epididymis during postnatal development was investigated with the use of autoradiography. Animals at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 56 days of age were sacrificed 2 hours following the administration of 3H-thymidine. Cell types that showed a significant labeling index were columnar cells in 14- and 21-day-old animals; principal and basal cells in 28, 35, and 56 day old rats. During this period of development, the pattern of cellular activity in the initial segment differed from the middle and terminal segments in having a peak of activity on day 28. The middle and terminal segments had similar proliferative patterns. In two additional experiments, 10- and 21-day-old rats were given 3H-thymidine and killed 1 week later on day 16 and 28. Labeled narrow cells were present in day 16 animals, whereas labeled narrow, principal, and basal cells were found in day 28 rats. It was concluded that columnar cells are the precursor to narrow, principal and basal cells.
Anat Rec 1982 Jun
PMID:Proliferative activity in the rat epididymis during postnatal development. 720 38


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