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The non-surgical recovery of bovine embryos was examined using a three-lumen PVC catheter passed to the tip of each uterine horn. The recovery of eggs placed in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, with protein was very efficient whether in boiling tubes or funnels. In the absence of protein egg recovery was considerably lower. In a group of 42 heifers, superovulated on two occasions, embryos were recovered non-surgically on day 7 after the first superovulation (Day 0 = oestrus) and surgically after the second. Laparotomy was performed on each occasion and the number of corpora lutea counted. Ovulation rate was lower at the second superovulation and a correspondingly greater recovery of embryos was obtained surgically (P less than 0.02). Non-surgical recovery rates from anaesthetised cows and heifers and from standing sedated heifers were found to be similar. The distance of the catheter tip from the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) significantly affected recovery rate (P less than 0.001). Best results were obtained when the catheter tip was within 5 cm of the UTJ. Most embryos were recovered in the first 100 ml of recovered medium. The method compares favourably with other reported methods.
Vet Rec 1978 May 13
PMID:Non-surgical recovery of bovine embryos. 65 55

Serum bone-Gla protein (BGP), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-AP), and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) levels were evaluated in 18 adults with acquired GH deficiency (GHD, 14 males and 4 females, age range: 25-59 yr) before, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of rec-GH treatment (0.125 IU/kg/week for the first month, followed by 0.25 IU/kg/week for 11 months) and 6 months after the withdrawal of therapy. Total body bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 1000/W) before, at 12 months of GH treatment and 6 months after its withdrawal. Before treatment, BGP (mean+/-SE: 5.1+/-0.4 ng/ml), B-AP (59.4+/-6.5 IU/l), ICTP (3.1+/-0.3 ng/ml) levels of patients were similar to in healthy controls (BGP: 5.4+/-0.1 ng/ml; B-AP: 58.2+/-2.0 IU/l; ICTP: 4.1+/-0.3 ng/ml). GH treatment caused a significant increase of BGP, B-AP, ICTP levels, the maximal stimulation of bone resorption, occurring after 3 months of GH treatment, while the maximal effect on bone formation being evident later (at 6th month). A slight decline in BGP, B-AP, T-AP and ICTP levels occurred at 9-12 months of therapy, although the values remained significantly higher than in basal conditions and with respect to healthy controls. Before treatment, mean total body BMD of patients (1.110+/-0.027 g/cm2, range: 0.944-1.350 g/cm2) was not significantly different (z-score: +0.47+/-0.31, NS) from that observed in healthy controls (1.065+/-0.008 g/cm2, range: 1.008-1.121 g/cm2). GH therapy was associated with a significant reduction of mean total body BMD values (6th month: -1.8+/-0.5%, p<0.01; 12th month: -2.1+/-1.0%, p<0.05 vs baseline), particularly evident in the first six months of treatment. Six months after the withdrawal of GH therapy, BGP (5.9+/-0.5 ng/ml), B-AP (57.3+/-7.0 IU/l) and ICTP (3.2+/-0.1 ng/ml) levels returned similar to those recorded before treatment, while total BMD increased (+1.5+/-0.7, p<0.05), remaining however slightly lower than in basal conditions (-0.6+/-1.2, NS). In conclusion, our study shows that: a) acquired GHD in adulthood is associated with both normal bone formation/resorption indexes and normal total body BMD; b) GH therapy causes a significant rise of bone formation/resorption markers (earlier and greater for bone resorption); c) one-year GH therapy is associated with a reduction of total body BMD values, particularly evident in the first 6 months of treatment; d) the effects of GH therapy on bone turnover are transient, being completely reverted six months after the withdrawal of GH therapy; e) the increase of total body BMD (up to baseline values) after GH withdrawal might be explained as consequence of persisting effects of previous GH stimulation on bone remodeling.
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PMID:Effects of 12-month GH treatment on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in adults with adult-onset GH deficiency. 1138 8

In the 21st century, patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM), a lifestyle-related disease, will increase more than in the 20th century. DM is threatening because of the development of many severe secondary complications, including atherosclerosis, microangiopathy, renal dysfunction and failure, cardiac abnormalities, diabetic retinopathy, and ocular disorders. Generally, DM is classified as either insulin-dependent type 1 or noninsulin-dependent type 2 DM. Type 1 DM is treated only by daily insulin injections; type 2 DM is treated by several types of synthetic therapeutic substances together with a controlled diet and physical exercise. Even with these measures, the daily necessity for several insulin injections can be painful both physically and mentally, whereas the synthetic therapeutic substances used over the long term often have side effects. For those reasons, the creation and development of a new class of pharmaceuticals for treatment of DM in the 21st century would be extremely desirable. In the last half of the 20th century, investigations of the relationships among diseases and micronutrients, such as iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, have been numerous. Research into the development of metallopharmaceuticals involving the platinum-containing anticancer drug, cisplatin, and the gold-containing rheumatoid arthritis drug, auranofin, has also been widespread. Such important findings prompted us to develop therapeutic reagents based on a new concept to replace either insulin injections or the use of synthetic drugs. After many trials, we noticed that vanadium might be very useful in the treatment of DM. Before the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in 1921 and its clinical trial for treating DM, the findings in 1899, in which orally administered sodium vanadate (NaVO(3)) was reported to improve human DM, gave us the idea to use vanadium to treat DM. However, it has taken a long time to obtain a scientific explanation as to why the metal ion exhibits insulin-mimetic or blood-glucose lowering effects in in vitro and in vivo experiments. After investigations from many perspectives involving biochemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, vanadyl sulfate (VOSO(4)) and its complexes with several types of ligands have been proposed as useful for treating DM in experimental diabetic animals. On the basis of a mechanistic study, this article reports on recent progress regarding the development of antidiabetic vanadyl complexes, emphasizing that the vanadyl ion and its complexes are effective not only in treating or relieving both types of DM but also in preventing the onset of DM.
Chem Rec 2002
PMID:A new concept: the use of vanadium complexes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1220 6

Veterinary practices in the United Kingdom were surveyed to compare their surgical draping practices with Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) accreditation tier and other surgery-related factors. Using descriptive statistics and logistic or ordinal regression analysis (where appropriate), the relationships between draping material and accreditation tier and other surgery-related factors were assessed. Procedures were categorised as short or long. Two hundred and sixty-nine surveys were completed. Reusable drapes were used in 66 per cent of practices. Antibiotics were administered routinely in 38 per cent of short and 93 per cent of long procedures. Practices accredited as a Veterinary Hospital (VH) were 6.3-7.2 (short and long surgeries, respectively) times more likely to use disposable drapes, when compared with non-accredited practices. Use of dedicated surgical attire, draping the whole animal/table, and routine antibiotic usage were also positively correlated with disposable drape usage. Fifty-one per cent of practices rated infection rate as most important when choosing drape material. 'Best practice' techniques are associated with lower importance given to infection rate, and higher importance given to financial cost, when choosing drape material. Disposable drape use correlates with RCVS accreditation and with other aspects of surgical technique. Importance ratings awarded correlate with best practice procedures. Clinical relevance 'Best practice' draping procedures, that are not governed by RCVS accreditation scheme, are also more frequently performed in accredited VHs.
Vet Rec 2012 Sep 29
PMID:A survey of surgical draping practices in small-animal practice in the UK. 2289 1