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Two adult Hampshire rams, unrelated and from separate farms, were examined for the cause of intermittent bloat and, or anorexia which lasted for three to six weeks and caused depression and cachexia. The rumen of each ram was hypermotile and ballottement of the ventral abdomen of each animal revealed an enlarged doughy viscus. Mild prerenal azotaemia, hypokalaemia with metabolic alkalosis, and high rumen chloride concentrations were evident. One ram died during the induction of anaesthesia for an abomasotomy and the other was euthanased after unsuccessful medical therapy. The abomasum of each ram was four to six times larger than that of a normal adult ram and filled with coarse, semi-moist, impacted ingesta. This abnormality was clinically identical to the abomasal emptying syndrome which has been described only in the Suffolk breed.
Vet Rec 1992 May 23
PMID:Abomasal dilatation and impaction in two Hampshire rams. 162 57

The severity of acid-base disturbances in diarrhoeic calves was investigated and a simple, inexpensive method of monitoring them was evaluated. The Harleco apparatus measures the 'total carbon dioxide' in a blood sample, mostly generated from the bicarbonate present, and any abnormalities are mainly due to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Its performance was tested against a standard blood gas analyser by comparing the results obtained by both methods with nearly 2000 blood samples from healthy or diarrhoeic calves. After technical modifications, the technique gave excellent precision and accuracy for the clinical evaluation of acid-base balance, using venous whole blood. The samples were very stable, especially at 0 degrees C, but also at room temperature. The normal range (mean +/- 1.96 sd) for total carbon dioxide in whole blood from calves was 21 to 28 mmol/litre. For samples corresponding to mild, moderate or severe acidosis, 79 per cent were correctly classified by the Harleco apparatus and only 0.1 per cent were beyond the adjacent degree of severity. After four days of diarrhoea, the calves which later died had twice the deficit in plasma bicarbonate of those which survived. As death approached, the deficit was almost three times that in surviving calves and the blood pH shortly before death was as low as 6.79 +/- 0.08. The Harleco apparatus was less successful with alkalotic samples, but metabolic alkalosis is less common and usually less severe.
Vet Rec 1990 Jan 13
PMID:Evaluation of acid-base disturbances in calf diarrhoea. 231 71

In the complex called vagal indigestion two main types of stenosis can be distinguished, pyloric stenosis and stenosis between the reticulum and omasum or reticulo-omasal stenosis. Laboratory examinations of blood and rumen fluid were carried out in 10 cows with reticulo-omasal stenosis. The results are discussed with respect to the differential diagnoses of pyloric stenosis. In the cows with reticulo-omasal stenosis no metabolic alkalosis occurred and consequently dehydration and uraemia did not develop. For the clinician valuable points of difference were a more prolonged and chronic course and, on physical examination, the absence of serious circulatory disturbances and the absence of an ammoniacal-uraemic odour in the expired air. The clinical picture of reticulo-omasal stenosis strongly resembles a syndrome described as failure of omasal transport.
Vet Rec 1986 Aug 23
PMID:Reticulo-omasal stenosis in the cow: differential diagnosis with respect to pyloric stenosis. 377 66

In 23 cows suffering from a secondary indigestion, in most cases with septicaemia, the syndrome of functional pyloric stenosis or vagal indigestion developed. The signs were anorexia, ruminal distension with fluid material, abomasal reflux into the ruminoreticulum, dehydration, hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis and uraemia. These signs often disappeared after treatment of both the primary causative disease and the secondary indigestion. The importance of recognising this condition is emphasised, because the serious signs of the secondary indigestion may dominate the causative disease. The prognosis depends upon the causative disease and is not necessarily bad.
Vet Rec 1986 Oct 18
PMID:Secondary indigestion as a cause of functional pyloric stenosis in the cow. 379 82

Five standardbred geldings were given 1 mg/kg bodyweight of frusemide by intramuscular injection to induce mild dehydration. After food and water deprivation overnight, the mean weight loss was 24.4 +/- 1.8 kg (5.5 per cent of bodyweight). The horses were then given an equivalent volume of an oral glucose-glycine-electrolyte solution by stomach tube. No more than 10 litres was given every 30 minutes until the calculated bodyweight loss had been replaced. Measurements made before, during and after the fluid administration included bodyweight, arterial blood haematocrit, PCO2, pH, standard bicarbonate, base excess and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, glucose, urea and creatinine. The final measurement was taken eight hours after the last dose of fluid and no food or water was offered to the horses during this time. Administration of the solution caused a rapid correction of the frusemide-induced dehydration and metabolic alkalosis. Absorption of the fluid from the gastrointestinal tract appeared to be very rapid because by 30 minutes after the last dose of the solution, plasma protein values were not significantly different from those before administration of frusemide. Plasma glucose concentrations became significantly increased for up to three hours after the fluid was given and an increase in creatinine and urea concentrations, which was observed after the administration of frusemide, was still evident at eight hours. The glucose-glycine-electrolyte solution was well retained, there being a mean bodyweight loss of 2.8 kg at three hours and 6.2 kg at eight hours after the last dose of fluid.
Vet Rec 1986 Nov 22
PMID:An evaluation of an oral glucose-glycine-electrolyte solution for the treatment of experimentally induced dehydration in the horse. 381 Nov 59