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The brains from 18 cats were examined for the presence of the fibrils and modified PrP protein which are molecular diagnostic markers for scrapie-like diseases. Thirteen cats were referred with clinical neurological signs potentially indicative of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). Of these, five had histopathological changes of FSE, five had other lesions of the central nervous system, and in three the brain was normal. The remaining five cats had no clinical neurological signs and were selected as controls. Fibrils and modified PrP protein were found in the brains of the five cats with FSE and in one of the cats with neurological signs but no histopathological changes in the central nervous system. Fibrils were present in the absence of modified PrP in the brains of two cats, one with neurological signs and a histologically confirmed meningioma, and one with no neurological signs and a histologically normal brain.
Vet Rec 1992 Oct 03
PMID:Feline spongiform encephalopathy: fibril and PrP studies. 127 83

A captive adult puma developed ataxia, a hypermetric gait and whole body tremor. The signs progressed over a period of six weeks. Histopathological examination following euthanasia demonstrated spongiform encephalopathy, gliosis and mild non-suppurative meningoencephalitis. Immunostaining with a polyclonal antiserum revealed prion protein (PrP) associated with these changes in sections of cervical spinal cord and medulla. This is the first confirmed case of a scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy described in a non-domestic cat in the United Kingdom.
Vet Rec 1992 Nov 07
PMID:Spongiform encephalopathy in a captive puma (Felis concolor). 145 92

A standard questionnaire was used to record the presence of specific clinical signs reported for histopathologically confirmed cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy observed before June 30, 1990, and the frequencies of these signs were analysed. The signs most frequently recorded were apprehension, hyperaesthesia and ataxia, and there were variations in the frequency with which some signs were recorded in animals observed at different times during the epidemic. These variations were considered to be the result of differences between observers and differences in the duration of the illness, rather than a change in the clinical picture, which could possibly have occurred with a change in the nature of the agent to which the cattle had been exposed, or to a change in their response to the agent.
Vet Rec 1992 Mar 07
PMID:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: aspects of the clinical picture and analyses of possible changes 1986-1990. 150 49

The brains of the 20 goats affected with natural scrapie received at the Central Veterinary-Laboratory, Weybridge, since 1975 were examined microscopically. Lesions of a spongiform encephalopathy were found in the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, corpus striatum, and also in the neopallium or cerebral cortex. The lesions in the neopallium have not previously been reported in natural scrapie in goats. Deposits of amyloid were present in the thalamus in three of the 20 goats.
Vet Rec 1992 Aug 01
PMID:Natural scrapie in goats: neuropathology. 152

Following the identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the British cattle population in 1986 epidemiological studies were launched. This paper provides an updated account of the epidemiological features of BSE from 1985, when the first cases, based on clinical histories, occurred, until 1990. The number of cases up to December 1989 represents an annual incidence of 3.9 confirmed cases per 1000 adult animals in Great Britain. Many more dairy herds were affected than beef suckler herds, a difference attributable to the difference in feeding practices between the two herd types. The geographical variation in incidence previously described has persisted with the highest incidence in the south and east of England. Other features of the epidemiology, including the low within-herd incidence, remained unaltered from the earlier findings. The results support the previously suggested hypothesis that the outbreak of BSE was due to the sudden exposure of the cattle population to a scrapie-like agent in 1981/82. There was no evidence of direct transmission between cattle during the period considered.
Vet Rec 1992 Feb 01
PMID:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological features 1985 to 1990. 155 77

This study describes the epidemiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Northern Ireland where the first case occurred in November 1988. They were very similar to those observed in Great Britain except that the annual incidence of BSE in 1990 in Northern Ireland, 2.3 confirmed cases per 10,000 adult cows, was approximately one 10th of that in Great Britain. The findings were also consistent with the current hypothesis that affected cattle had been exposed to a scrapie-like agent via cattle feedstuffs containing ruminant-derived protein. However, a preliminary investigation of the potential sources of infection for cattle in Northern Ireland did not provide any conclusive evidence.
Vet Rec 1992 Feb 08
PMID:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Northern Ireland: epidemiological observations 1988-1990. 156 42

A 19-month-old greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), whose dam had died 15 months earlier with spongiform encephalopathy, required euthanasia after developing severe ataxia and depression with an apparently sudden onset. No macroscopic abnormalities were detected on post mortem examination but a scrapie-like spongiform encephalomyelopathy was apparent on histopathological examination of brain and segments of spinal cord. Negative stain electron microscopy of proteinase K-treated detergent extracts of tissue from the brain stem revealed the presence of scrapie associated fibrils, and a 25 to 28 kDa band comparable with that identified as abnormal PrP (prion protein) from the brains of domestic cattle with spongiform encephalopathy was detected using rabbit antiserum raised against mouse PrP. The animal was born nine months after the statutory ban on the inclusion of ruminant-derived protein in ruminant feeds and, as no other possible sources of the disease were apparent, it appears likely that the infection was acquired from the dam.
Vet Rec 1992 Apr 25
PMID:Scrapie-like encephalopathy in a greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) which had not been fed ruminant-derived protein. 160 83

A disease of unknown aetiology has been observed in moose. The animals showed signs of a bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease-like syndrome, and central nervous disturbances. Brains from adult female moose were investigated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, virology, and bacteriology. The results indicate that the nervous signs were not associated with a spongiform encephalopathy. The lesions suggest a viral aetiology, although all the virological investigations have so far proved negative.
Vet Rec
PMID:A bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease-like syndrome in moose (Alces alces): investigations on the central nervous system. 180 5

The results of further epidemiological studies of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) support the previous findings that the onset of exposure of the cattle population to a scrapie-like agent, sufficient to result in clinical disease, occurred in 1981/82. The onset of this exposure was related to the cessation, in all but two rendering plants, of the hydrocarbon solvent extraction of fat from meat and bone meal. A further possible explanation, related to the geographical variation in the reprocessing of greaves to produce meat and bone meal, was identified for the geographical variation in the incidence of BSE.
Vet Rec 1991 Mar 02
PMID:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin. 190 70

Extracts from the cervical spinal cord and from the medulla, thalamus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the brains of 10 sheep, histopathologically confirmed as cases of scrapie, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of scrapie-associated fibrils. Characteristic fibrils were observed in all the extracts except for that from the thalamus of one sheep. No fibrils were found in any extracts from three control sheep. A comparison of these results with a similar study of 22 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) suggests that in cases of scrapie the area of the brain chosen for the detection of fibrils is less critical than in cases of BSE, in which fibrils are more readily extracted from areas of the brain stem.
Vet Rec 1991 Jun 08
PMID:Natural scrapie: detection of fibrils in extracts from the central nervous system of sheep. 190 76


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