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Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is common among cats where contact is high. The virus can be transmitted readily between cats. It causes a variety of haemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms; the most common types are alimentary, multicentric and thymic lymphosarcoma and lymphatic leukaemia. The virus is involved in the aetiology of certain other diseases including anaemia, glomerulonephritis and an immunosuppressive syndrome which predisposes cats to intercurrent infections. Many infected cats mount an immune response and do not suffer from any of these. The immune status is shown by serum antibody levels to feline leukaemia virus associated cell membrane antigens. Cats with a titre of 32 or more are most unlikely to suffer any ill effects and may eliminate the virus infection. The outcome of infection in an individual cat depends on the immunological competence of the cat, the dose of virus received and its ability to induce immunosuppression. FeLV infection can be detected by examination of tissues by electron microscopy, and by culture of virus from plasma and other tissues. In the United States, a method is now in use for the detection of leukaemia virus antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes; this is carried out on ordinary blood films. Successful prototype vaccines have been developed against FeLV. This paper describes the natural history of the virus, the diseases in which it is implicated and discusses recently developed diagnostic methods.
Vet Rec 1975 Jan 04
PMID:Feline leukaemia virus and its clinical effects in cats. 16 15

The clinical features of 60 pathologically confirmed cases of bovine leucosis (lymphosarcoma) are described. The majority of cases could be classified into one of four distinct clinical forms, ie, juvenile multicentric, thymic, skin and adult multicentric. Diagnosis of leucosis in animals with these forms was possible on clinical grounds alone. Five animals, four of which were adult, could not be thus classified and diagnosis required haematological and, or, pathological examinations. The clinical, epidemiological and serological findings would suggest that the cases were examples of sporadic bovine leucosis.
Vet Rec 1979 Sep 22
PMID:Bovine leucosis (lymphosarcoma): a clinical study of 60 pathologically confirmed cases. 58 84

The clinical and radiological features of 30 cases of anterior mediastinal lymphosarcoma in the cat are described; they represented 48 per cent of all cases of lymphosarcoma recorded at the University of Bristol Veterinary School between 1972 and 1977. The condition principally affected young cats and there was a predisposition in oriental breeds. Dyspnoea and regurgitation were the two most common major presenting signs. Diagnosis was made in most cases on the basis of radiological examination, but in some cytological examination of the thoracic fluid was necessary for confirmation.
Vet Rec 1979 Apr 07
PMID:Clinical and radiological features of anterior mediastinal lymphosarcoma in the cat: a reveiw of 30 cases. 58 89

Fourteen cases of lymphosarcoma occurred in a small experimental flock of sheep in Rhodesia. There appeared to be horizontal spread and the ages of the affected animals varied from one to more than 10 years. Thirteen of the cases so far diagnosed were leucaemic with a high lymphocyte count. Eleven of the sheep demonstrated multicentric lesions and two alimentary mesenteric; the remaining animal is still alive. Transmission attempts in four neonates resulted in one showing a high white cell count after 25 months. Electron microscope studies failed to demonstrate C-type virus-like particles. This appears to be the first recorded example of an outbreak of lymphosarcoma in a flock of sheep in Southern Africa and the descriptive term "enzootic leucosis" has been adopted.
Vet Rec 1976 Feb 07
PMID:Enzootic leucosis in a flock of sheep in Rhodesia. 94 58

A cat experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) but known to be free of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) developed lymphosarcoma. The lesions in the liver and kidneys were present nine months after infection, when the cat was 21 months old. The cat had no overt signs of immunodeficiency and it is suggested that the B cell activation induced shortly after FIV infection produced a large pool of proliferating lymphocytes from which the malignant cells emerged.
Vet Rec 1992 Apr 04
PMID:Lymphosarcoma in experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection [corrected]. 131 15

An 18-month-old Friesian heifer had several unusual, raised, black, cutaneous plaques, some of which were up to 20 cm in diameter, on its head and neck, limbs, thorax and perineum. There was also generalised lymphadenopathy. A clinical diagnosis of lymphosarcoma (sporadic bovine leukosis) was derived from a fine needle aspiration of a skin lesion. Post mortem and histological examinations confirmed a multicentric lymphosarcoma with widespread infiltration into many of the tissues recognised as predilection sites for this type of tumour. However, in the authors' experience, the presence of tumour masses in the trachea and the right mainstem bronchus was atypical.
Vet Rec 1991 Oct 05
PMID:An atypical case of lymphosarcoma (sporadic bovine leukosis) in a heifer. 174 2

Two horses with deposits of lymphosarcoma, one in the spleen, the other in the mediastinum, several lymph nodes and kidneys, lost weight rapidly and became depressed and weak. They were hypercalcaemic and post mortem examination revealed extensive calcification of the heart and major vessels. There was no evidence of bone marrow metastases in the one horse whose marrow was examined, and the thyroid and parathyroid glands of both horses were grossly normal.
Vet Rec 1990 Feb 03
PMID:Hypercalcaemia and soft tissue mineralisation associated with lymphosarcoma in two horses. 230 15

A clinicopathological review was made of 31 cases of canine rectal neoplasia. The adenomatous polyp was the commonest tumour and had the best prognosis. With the exception of adenocarcinomas the results of surgical excision of malignant neoplasms, including two cases of rectal lymphosarcoma, were encouraging.
Vet Rec 1985 Apr 13
PMID:Rectal neoplasia in the dog: a clinicopathological review of 31 cases. 383 1

The persistence of virus in the bone marrow of cats which had ostensibly recovered from feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection was investigated. Nineteen cats were exposed to FeLV by natural, contact infection and 36 weeks later three were found to be persistently viraemic while the remainder were non-viraemic and had virus neutralising serum antibodies. Virus was isolated in bone marrow cultures established from nine of the 16 non-viraemic cats which were considered, therefore, to have latent infections. Cats infected soon after exposure to FeLV carrier cats were more likely to become persistently viraemic or develop a latent infection than those infected later, which tended to recover. There was no difference in serum antibody levels between the latently infected and recovered cats. Whether cats with latent infections spread virus or develop FeLV-negative haemopoietic tumours was considered. Six kittens housed together for eight months with a cat with a latent infection showed no signs of having been exposed to FeLV. Virus was not isolated from bone marrow cultures of two cats with FeLV-free lymphosarcoma or myelomonocytic leukaemia.
Vet Rec 1983 Apr 09
PMID:Recovery of feline leukaemia virus from non-viraemic cats. 630 86

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog has been assessed by the oral administration of the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA), a specific substrate for pancreatic chymotrypsin. The subsequent assay of PABA in either the plasma or the urine clearly differentiated control animals from those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), the results being unaffected by combination of this pancreatic function with a xylose absorption test. Possible interference with the specificity of the peptide test for the diagnosis of EPI was examined in six animals with small intestinal disease. In a group of four animals, with features resembling chronic tropical sprue in man, the results were comparable to those of the control group. In the fifth case, however, the results were indistinguishable from those of the EPI group, the estimation of sodium PABA absorption and the assay of proteolytic activity in the duodenal juice demonstrating that this was due to defective hydrolysis of the peptide. In the sixth case, diffuse intestinal lymphosarcoma and a marked villous atrophy were associated with an apparent reduction in the absorption of sodium PABA. However, although the plasma PABA concentrations following oral BT-PABA were subnormal, they were distinctly higher than those of the EPI group. These findings suggest that small intestinal abnormalities do not affect PABA absorption sufficiently to interfere with the specificity of the peptide test for the detection of severe EPI in the dog. This insufficiency may occasionally be secondary to small intestinal disease.
Vet Rec 1981 Apr 04
PMID:Specificity of the BT-PABA test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the dog. 697 20


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