Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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In a newly established farrow-to-finish farm (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus [PRRSV]-free, porcine circovirus type 2 [PCV-2]-infected), reproductive failure was seen seven months after population. The conception rate dropped from 89 to 51 per cent, and the abortion rate increased from 0.5 to 11 per cent. The following month, characteristic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and elevated mortality were observed in weaned pigs. Laboratory examinations confirmed reproductive failure due to PRRSV and PMWS associated with apparent activation of the PCV-2 circulating in the farm. The herd was closed for replacement and a number of measures to improve hygiene, environmental conditions and feeding were applied. The abortion rate returned to preoutbreak levels four months after the beginning of the PRRS outbreak and the conception rate returned to normal four months later. Slower improvement was observed regarding the PMWS outbreak, with PMWS-related losses disappearing nine months after the detection of PMWS. Analysis of seroconversion profiles to PCV-2 and PRRSV during the outbreak and after its control indicated that while PRRSV was eliminated from sows and weaners by the control measures, the time of PCV-2 infection was unchanged and occurred at seven weeks of age during the PMWS outbreak as well as after its elimination. However, the elimination of PMWS from the herd coincided with increased levels of maternally derived antibodies to PCV-2 in one- to five-week-old pigs and faster serological responses to infection with PCV-2.
Vet Rec 2011 Oct 22
PMID:Linked outbreaks and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in a pig farm in Poland. 2189 87

The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in wasted pigs, first to evaluate their usefulness in the diagnosis of infectious, wasting diseases in pigs, and second, to evaluate whether their concentrations can distinguish the lymphoid depletion score in the lymph tissues of wasted affected pigs. Fifty-three wasted pigs and seven specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were postmortem examined. Gross lesions were evaluated and samples for histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular biology and microbiological analysis were taken. Thirty-one pigs were diagnosed as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 22 as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Lymphoid depletion degree in lymph tissues of PMWS and PRDC affected pigs was determined. Serum Hp was significantly higher in pigs with PRDC in comparison with the PMWS affected pigs. Serum CRP concentration was significantly lower in pigs with PRDC than in PMWS affected pigs (P<0.001). CRP and SAA levels increased with the lymphoid depletion score, presenting statistical differences between pigs with no depletion and pigs with low, moderate or severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001 for CRP and P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01 for SAA, respectively). Hp was higher in pigs with no or low depletion compared with the pigs suffering severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively).
Vet Rec 2012 Jan 07
PMID:Acute phase proteins as a tool for differential diagnosis of wasting diseases in growing pigs. 2210 78

The presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and other pathogens before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PWMS) in pigs is evaluated in this study. At the time of the outbreak on a large commercial pig farm in the UK, serum samples and data were collected in two independent on-going research projects, one in weaned pigs and the other in sows. Serum samples of growing pigs and sows were PCV-2-antibody and PCR positive before and during the PMWS outbreak. Upon sequencing, PCV-2 isolates collected before the outbreak were identified as PCV-2a, and isolates collected during the outbreak were identified as PCV-2b, suggesting a shift of PCV-2 genotypes present on the farm. Pigs in the weaner study were from sows originating from different breeders and an association of sow origin and PCV-2 serostatus in offspring was found. Further, pigs had higher odds to be PCV-2 antigen positive if the sow was PCV-2 antibody positive around farrowing, the sow was of higher parity, and were less likely to test antigen positive if the sow was sourced from a particular breeder. The findings of this study highlight the potential role of the immune status of the sow on the occurrence of PMWS.
Vet Rec 2012 Jun 09
PMID:Porcine circovirus type 2 infection before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome on a pig farm in the UK. 2264 51

Torque teno virus (TTV) is ubiquitous and species-specific, and two different TTV species, Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno sus virus 2 (TTSuV2), have been described in domestic pigs and wild boars. Whether these two species are involved in clinical cases of porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease (PCVDs) remains unknown. This study investigates the presence of TTSuV in 85 fetuses, pigs and wild boars infected by PCV2 and affected by PCVDs other than postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. It also explores the genetic diversity of identified strains using phylogenetic analysis. The presence or absence of TTSuV was determined in 85 samples of PCV2-containing organs from 85 infected animals using a specific, one-step PCR method. A nucleotide distance matrix between sequences was computed to infer phylogeny based on a median-joining (MJ) network. TTSuV2 showed high prevalence in animals affected by nephropathy and proliferative and necrotising pneumonia (PNP), and both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 showed high prevalence in wild boars affected by PMWS. TTSuV1 showed low prevalence in animals affected by nephropathy and PNP, and both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 showed low prevalence in animals with reproductive disorders. MJ network analysis revealed significant genetic diversity among Croatian isolates.
Vet Rec 2012 Nov 24
PMID:Presence of Torque teno sus virus in porcine circovirus type 2-associated disease in Croatia. 2310 89


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