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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The detailed clinical and epidemiological history and the pathology of neonatal canine herpesvirus (CHV) disease in a naturally infected litter of pups is reported. Herpesvirus was isolated from the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine of one of the affected litter which died on day 10 after whelping. The isolation of virus correlated with the distinctive gross and histological changes in these organs. Herpesvirus was isolated also from the anterior vagina of the bitch 18 days after whelping --a finding which may be of significance in the epidemiology of the natural disease.
Vet Rec
PMID:Naturally-occurring neonatal canine herpesvirus infection. 18 79

Tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) create a pericellular barrier to the diffusion of large molecules in non-keratinizing mammalian epithelia. However, in cornifying epithelia such as the epidermis, the importance of tight-junctional elements versus secreted intercellular lipid for barrier function is uncertain. In an attempt to resolve this question, we compared membrane structure in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum of epidermis, esophagus, and vagina of newborn and adult humans and mice under both normal and various experimental conditions. We incubated pieces of epidermis in organ culture and infused tissues with lanthanum or horseradish peroxidase in vivo and in vitro. All were processed for electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas or thin sections. Lanthanum seeped outward to the stratum granulosum in all tissues examined--further apical migration was halted by lamellar-body contents in skin. A similar pattern of intercellular lamellar lipid deposition and membrane structure occurred in all epithelia studied. Freeze-fracture replicas of these obstructive regions revealed occasional, incomplete junctional strands (particularly in moist epithelia) and abundant lamellar material, but complete zonulae occludentes were never encountered. A possible relationship between moisture and tight junction formation was further suggested by organ culture experiments during which brief incubations stimulated an increase in the number of junctional strands and diminished numbers of lamellar bodies. We conclude that, in the epithelia studied, the deposition of secreted lamellar body contents forms the barrier to water-soluble tracer loss: tight-junctional elements are either absent or too fragmentary to constitute an effective barrier.
Anat Rec 1977 Dec
PMID:Membrane alterations during cornification of mammalian squamous epithelia: a freeze-fracture, tracer, and thin-section study. 33 80

Within 45 minutes after mating in the rabbit, numerous heterophil leukocytes adhere to the endothelium of venules in the vagina. Initial association appears to occur via small protuberances from the leukocyte which fit into small indentions in the endothelial cell. Following adherence, leukocytes flatten and pass between endothelial cells. A regular intercellular space separates the leukocyte from the endothelial cells. Leukocytes subsequently migrate through the connective tissue to the epithelium. By three hours postcoitus, the region beneath the basement lamina of the vaginal epithelium is crowded with numerous juxtaposed leukocytes. Leukocytes subsequently migrate between epithelial cells into the vaginal lumen where they actively engulf spermatozoa. Spermatozoa appear to be ingested head first. Numerous small filaments are observed in the leukocyte cytoplasm in the region adjacent to the sperm head. Degranulation of azurophyl granules follows sperm uptake. The leukocyte response can be elicited either by spermatozoa (from the epididymis) or by semen (from vasectomized bucks), but is not elicited by ovulation (with human chorionic gonadotropin). It is suggested that the response may be initiated because the vagina does not distinguish between semen, spermatozoa and bacterial infection.
Anat Rec 1977 Sep
PMID:Leukocyte emigration and migration in the vagina following mating in the rabbit. 56 80

A case of intersexuality in a Dorset horn ewe is described. Although possessing female external genitalia this animal had a male internal reproductive tract with inguinal testes, epididymes, vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles. No traces of cervix or uterus were present and the vagina was represented in its caudal part only. Chromosomal studies revealed chimaerism in peripheral leucocytes of the type 54, XX/54, XY, while other tissues revealed the normal female karyotype 54, XX. The ewe was born in a set of triplets with one dead male fetus and one living male. It was therefore concluded that the animal was a freemartin. The significance of this case and of the phenomenon of freemartisism in sheep is discussed.
Vet Rec 1978 Feb 18
PMID:Studies on a sheep freemartin. 56 59

Seven dairy cattle showing clinical post partum endometritis were monitored daily by rectal examination of uterus, ovaries and vagina and by sampling of jugular venous blood and uterine pus. The animals were treated by intramuscular injection of 500 microgram cloprostenol (ICI). All seven animals had an immediate reduction of plasma progesterone concentrations and showed oestrus within two to three days. In six cases the clinical endometritis resolved, with uterine involution, within seven days and uterine mucus sample showed no specific growth. One animal required a second cloprostenol injection 11 days after the first to achieve complete resolution. Subsequently, plasma progesterone levels rose in all animals but two cases later appeared to become anoestrous, perhaps due to pituitary insufficiency. In a further study of chronic endometritis in cattle in the field, 51 out of 56 animals treated in the presence of a corpus luteum showed oestrus within 14 days with resolution of the condition; five others did not respond. None of the three cases which had been treated in the absence of a corpus luteum showed any improvement. This lack of response was not unexpected and supports the view that the mode of action of cloprostenol in this treatment regime is to induce luteolysis. The mechanism of therapy and possible explanation for the occurrence of chronic endometritis are discussed.
Vet Rec 1977 Nov 26
PMID:Treatment of chronic post partum endometritis in cattle with cloprostenol. 59 97

Bovine embryos obtained from donors six to nine days after oestrus were transferred non-surgically at a rate of one per recipient using a sterile insemination instrument, protected from contamination by the vagina with a plastic sheath. The percentage of recipients pregnant increased with the age of embryo transferred and for day 6 and 7 embryos was 33% compared to 58% for day 9 and 8 embryos. This difference approached statistical significance. Bacterial contamination of the instrument on withdrawal after transfer was not related to the success or failure of pregnancy. Maintenance of pregnancy to term and calving appeared to be normal. It is suggested that this method could be used for the routine transfer of eight and nine day embryos.
Vet Rec 1978 Jan 28
PMID:Non-surgical transfer of bovine embryos. 63 34

Some cattle breeding improvement programmes particularly in continental Europe aim to reduce the costs of rearing calves by increasing the number suckled by each cow. This encourages the rearing of twins and an increase in the number of heifers born twin-to-bull. Many of these are offered in the market and bought on the assumption that they are single-born. A large proportion will be freemartins and therefore irremediably sterile. Theories of the aetiology of the freemartin condition are summarised. The anatomical, haematological and chromosomal characteristics are described. Diagnostic methods based on these characteristics are described and compared. The clinical method is recommended as reliable in all but a small proportion of cases. The clinical signs of the freemartin at age three to six weeks are the absence of the external os, and a vagina length of 5 inches (12 cm) or less. The veterinary surgeon is encouraged to make the diagnosis on these clinical signs alone.
Vet Rec 1978 Jan 28
PMID:Cattle twins and freemartin diagnosis. 63 35

In the past, total uterine prolapse in the sow has been regarded as a grave condition because manipulative reposition through the vulva and vagina is extremely difficult, if not impossible, and amputation is merely a salvage procedure with a mortality rate approaching 100 percent. Laparotomy as a means of facilitating reduction of the prolapse in the sow appears to have been overlooked although it is a standard procedure in dogs and cats. This report describes a case of uterine prolapse in a sow successfully treated by laparotomy.
Vet Rec 1977 Jan 29
PMID:Reduction of uterine prolapse in a sow by laparotomy. 84 23

Thirty-four heifers not conceiving to three or more inseminations or natural service were bled and karyotyped by leucocyte culture. Twelve were found to be sex-chromosome chimeras of which five were single-born. Three out of the five singleton sex-chromosome chimeric heifers were slaughtered and at post mortem examination abnormalities of the reproductive tract were observed. Two the the slaughtered animals were Friesian heifers that had shown normal oestrous cycles and had reproductive organs apparently normal on clinical examination; however, one of them with 5 per cent male cells had a nonpatent cervix, while the other with 12 per cent male cells had non-patent uterine horns. Both heifers possessed functional ovaries, the former had an active corpus luteum and the latter had a developing follicle. The third heifer with 45 per cent male cells had a normal vagina, enlarged clitoris, seminal vesicles and gonads resembling fetal testes with both primitive ovarian and testicular structures. The Old Gloucester and Friesian heifers with 2-5 per cent and 12-0 per cent male cells are alive and have normal external genitalia but rudimentary uterine horns with no palpable gonads. Cytogenetic examination has demonstrated for the first time the existence of single-born freemartins resulting from the death of their male co-twins after fetal vascular anastomosis has been established.
Vet Rec 1977 Apr 16
PMID:Heifer sterility associated with single-birth freemartinism. 86 57

The surface patterns of the oviduct of Gallus domesticus were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using several preparatory techniques. Ciliated epithelial cells predominate throughout the oviduct with non-ciliated cells approaching an equal proportion in the magnum and isthmus. Short, randomly oriented mucosal folds which characterize the infundibulum increase in height and longitudinal orientation as they approach the magnum. Here and in the isthmus they broaden and become dimpled with glandular apertures. The folds narrow again in the uterus and vagina. Cryofracture followed by SEM demonstrate the deeper mucosal folds and submucosal tubular system.
Anat Rec 1975 Feb
PMID:SEM preparation and observations of the hen's oviduct. 109 Feb 4


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