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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The field efficacy of pour-on formulation of flumethrin 1 per cent was assessed in cattle naturally infested with Psoroptes ovis. In a finishing unit, 18 infested animals were selected, left untreated for one month and examined twice to monitor the progress of the infestation. They were treated twice 10 days apart with a pour-on formulation of flumethrin 1 per cent (2 mg/kg bodyweight). Skin samples were collected from the animals on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 and examined for the presence of live mites. The clinical condition of the cattle was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the trial using a standardised chart. Bodyweights were recorded on days -32, 0, 28 and 50. In addition the 65 cows in a calving unit were given the same treatment regimen and its efficacy was evaluated on days 0, 7, 14 and 28 in 11 P ovis infested animals. On the day of treatment most of the infested animals had a severe pyodermatitis. From day 7 onwards no live mites were found in the treated animals and there was a marked clinical improvement. The percentage efficacy on day 28 was 100 per cent in both units. In the finishing animals treatment was associated with a marked improvement in daily weight gains between day 0 and day 28.
Vet Rec 1992 Jul 25
PMID:Field efficacy of flumethrin pour-on against Psoroptes ovis in cattle. 152 5

Thirty dogs with superficial pyoderma were randomly allocated to treatments with either lincomycin hydrochloride (22 mg/kg twice daily) or clindamycin hydrochloride (11 mg/kg once daily), initially for three weeks. Samples were taken from pustules, from adjacent apparently uninvolved skin, and from the nares. These were submitted for bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. The dogs were re-examined after three weeks treatment and samples for bacteriology were taken from the nares, from any pustules that were present or from skin in the area that was previously affected; the treatment was extended if necessary. Seventy-one per cent of the dogs given lincomycin hydrochloride responded within three weeks compared with 81 per cent of the dogs treated with clindamycin hydrochloride. The overall response rates, including those given longer courses of treatment were 93 per cent for those treated with lincomycin hydrochloride and 94 per cent for those treated with clindamycin hydrochloride, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups either after three weeks treatment or after extended treatment. The microbiological results demonstrated that Staphylococcus intermedius was present on the skin adjacent to pustules and suggested that the nasal carriage of S intermedius was a result of cutaneous colonisation.
Vet Rec 1993 Apr 03
PMID:A comparison of lincomycin hydrochloride and clindamycin hydrochloride in the treatment of superficial pyoderma in dogs. 848 40

Thirty dogs with superficial pyoderma were treated orally with tylosin at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily for three weeks. Staphylococcus intermedius was recovered from 21 (70 per cent) of the dogs. Twenty-two of the dogs were free of clinical signs after three weeks of treatment and two dogs responded to a further two weeks of treatment, giving a total response rate of 80 per cent. Five cases (16.6 per cent) failed to respond and three of these subsequently responded to other antibacterial treatment. One dog suffered transient gastritis after the doses of tylosin and subsequently responded to a different antibacterial agent.
Vet Rec 1996 Aug 24
PMID:Tylosin in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma. 887 99

The protein fractions in urine from proteinuric dogs with and without pyoderma were estimated. Fifteen dogs with pyoderma (five with superficial and 10 with deep pyoderma) were compared with 10 dogs with glomerulopathy and 27 dogs with diseases other than pyoderma or urinary tract problems. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to fractionate the proteins. Three types of electrophoretogram were obtained with albuminuria, globulinuria and serum-like profiles. An albuminuria profile was found in eight of the 27 dogs with other diseases, in three of the five dogs with superficial pyoderma, in eight of the 10 dogs with deep pyoderma and in all 10 dogs with glomerulopathy. The albuminuria profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 1.98 [0.10]) was also characterised by alpha 1b, alpha 2a and beta 2 globulin peaks in all 29 dogs with this profile, which was therefore thought to indicate that albuminuria (glomerular proteinuria) was a result of glomerular damage and inflammation because alpha 1b, alpha 2a, and beta 2 globulins are considered to be acute phase proteins. The serum-like profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 0.72 [0.01]) was observed in 13 per cent of the proteinuric dogs examined and contained all the protein fractions normally detected by electrophoresis of serum. The profile was considered to be a variant from of the albuminuria profile, probably indicating advanced glomerular lesions and inflammation. The globulinuria profile (mean [sem] albumin/globulin ratio 0.33 [0.08]) was significantly different from the other two in that it was characterised by a low albumin peak and the presence of globulin fractions not clearly distinguishable from each other because of their confluency and absence of individual peaks. This profile could indicate severe glomerulotubular lesions and degradation of certain protein fractions. It could also be a result of increased secretion of tissue and other proteins by damaged tubules. It was concluded that glomerular damage leads to glomerular proteinuria characterised by high proportions of albumin together with alpha 1b, alpha 2a and beta 2 globulins in lower but significantly diagnostic proportions.
Vet Rec 1998 Jul 04
PMID:Composition of protein in urine from dogs with pyoderma. 969 28

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was identified in 11 dogs. The infection was associated with surgical treatment especially orthopaedic surgery. Infection after traumatic wounding, and recurrent pyoderma was also seen. Oral antibiotic treatment improved or resolved the infection in nine of the 11 dogs, although the methicillin-resistant isolates were susceptible to relatively few antibiotics.
Vet Rec 1999 Jan 16
PMID:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in 11 dogs. 1007 Jun 89

A masked, randomised, controlled clinical trial for the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma was undertaken. Dogs with a clinical diagnosis of superficial pyoderma, supported by bacterial culture were admitted to the trial and randomly assigned to treatment with either clindamycin hydrochloride at 5.5 mg/kg twice daily or clavulanate-amoxycillin at 12.5 mg/kg twice daily. After 21 days the animals were re-assessed, and therapy was continued for a further 21 days in the dogs with persistent lesions if bacterial culture demonstrated continued sensitivity. Twenty-nine dogs were treated with clindamycin hydrochloride and 27 with clavulanate-amoxycillin. Complete cure was obtained after three weeks in 17 (59 per cent) of the clindamycin-treated cases, but in only eight (30 per cent) of the clavulanate-amoxycillin treated group. Clindamycin was significantly more effective than clavulanate-amoxycillin for the treatment of superficial pyoderma in dogs.
Vet Rec 1999 Jun 12
PMID:Clindamycin hydrochloride and clavulanate-amoxycillin in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma. 1040 4

In a prospective study involving eight veterinary clinics during 1995 and 1996, samples from first-time and recurrent cases of canine pyoderma were collected by a needle technique. Three hundred and ninety-four staphylococci were isolated and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial drugs was assessed by a microdilution technique. Resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, fusidic add, tetracycline and streptomycin was significantly more common in isolates from the recurrent cases than from the first-time cases; 20 per cent of the isolates from the first-time cases were resistant to three or more of the antimicrobials tested, compared with 45 per cent of those from the recurrent cases. Coresistance between macrolide-lincosamides, tetracyclines and streptomycin was common. No resistance to penicillinase-stable beta-lactams was observed. A comparison with earlier studies indicated that there had been a marked increase in resistance during the previous five years.
Vet Rec 2002 Nov 16
PMID:Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci from canine pyoderma: a prospective study of first-time and recurrent cases in Sweden. 1246 35

Twenty-five weimaraners with recurrent infections or inflammatory disease were investigated; their median age was four months (range two to 36 months), and 11 of them were male and 14 female. Twenty of them showed signs of lethargy, anorexia or pyrexia, 13 had been vomiting or had diarrhoea, 12 had shown signs of pain in the joints or bones and been lame, five had had reactions at the site of an injection, five had generalised lymphadenopathy, three had urinary tract infections and two had recurrent or severe pyoderma. They all had a lower concentration of one or more classes of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA) than the standard control ranges, and their mean concentration of IgG was significantly lower (P<0.005) than the mean concentration of IgG in 15 clinically normal weimaraners. Of 10 cases for which a complete vaccination history was available, nine had developed clinical signs within five days of being vaccinated. Follow-up data were available from 21 of the 25 dogs for a median period of 24.5 months. One dog died during a symptomatic episode, three were euthanased, six were alive at follow-up but had continued to show clinical signs and 11 had made a full recovery.
Vet Rec 2003 Nov 01
PMID:Retrospective study of 25 young weimaraners with low serum immunoglobulin concentrations and inflammatory disease. 1462 35

A database of the prescriptions of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of common infectious diseases in dogs at the Finnish Veterinary Teaching Hospital was searched to determine to what extent national guidelines were being followed. Twenty-two per cent of 5918 dogs were treated orally with antimicrobial drugs. The most commonly used drugs were beta-lactams (49 per cent) of which cephalexin and amoxycillin-clavulanate were most widely prescribed. The usage of fluoroquinolones was only 2.8 per cent. The prescription of antimicrobials for pyoderma was contrary to Finnish guidelines, but the use of cephalexin or amoxycillin-clavulanate as first-line drugs instead of macrolides or lincosamides or trimethoprim-sulphonamides was acceptable because of the presence of resistance by canine staphylococci. The drug most commonly used to treat acute urinary tract infections was trimethoprim-sulphonamide, in agreement with the guidelines. Antimicrobial drugs were used excessively after surgical procedures, and for treating acute gastrointestinal disturbances and small wounds and traumas.
Vet Rec 2004 Aug 28
PMID:Survey of condition-based prescribing of antimicrobial drugs for dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital. 1546 62

Eight dogs with cutaneous lesions, clinical signs and cytological findings compatible with bacterial overgrowth syndrome were compared with four healthy dogs. The affected dogs were treated for 28 days with 30 mg/kg/day cephalexin. The results showed that the syndrome was a superficial cutaneous disorder characterised by marked pruritus, greasy seborrhoea, offensive odour, erythema, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, excoriations and alopecia involving principally the ventral aspect of the body, but no papules, pustules, epidermal collarettes or crusts; it was caused by overgrowths of Staphylococcus intermedius all over the body surface. Histopathological findings included a superficial, perivascular, hyperplastic and spongiotic dermatitis with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, but no lesions suggestive of a true pyoderma. In the affected dogs, anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin G levels were high, but anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin E levels were low, suggesting that staphylococcal hypersensitivity is not the underlying pathogenic process. The antibiotic treatment improved the condition of all the dogs, but five of the eight had an underlying allergic skin disease.
Vet Rec 2006 Apr 01
PMID:Prospective study of bacterial overgrowth syndrome in eight dogs. 1658 94


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