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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two pigs were infested experimentally with Sarcoptes scabiei var suis and allocated randomly to a medicated group (injected intramuscularly with 300 micrograms doramectin/kg) or an unmedicated group (injected intramuscularly with 1 ml saline/33 kg). They were observed daily for 15 minutes for signs of pruritus, and the ear lesions were assessed and skin scrapings examined for mites on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after treatment. In the 16 pigs treated with doramectin the ear lesions resolved completely within 14 days, no mites were recorded on 15 of them on day 7 or on any of them on days 14, 21 and 28; pruritus was greatly reduced from day 7 onwards (range 0 to 0-62 rubbing episodes per pig per day) and papular skin lesions were absent from 15 of the pigs at slaughter on day 28. In comparison, the ear lesions in the 16 unmedicated pigs failed to resolve in 15 of them. Mites were present on 15 of them at different times during the experiment; the numbers of rubbing episodes ranged from 0.88 to 4.65 per pig per day and all the pigs had papular skin lesions at slaughter. In the unmedicated pigs, both the degree of pruritus and the presence and severity of papular skin lesions at slaughter were greater in those with zero or low mite counts than in those with high mite counts.
Vet Rec 1996 May 11
PMID:Treatment of sarcoptic mite infestation and mite hypersensitivity in pigs with injectable doramectin. 873 39

Increased mortality in a flock of non-breeding mute swans (Cygnus olor) on a Scottish loch was investigated. Postmortem examinations were carried out on eight adult and six immature swans. The commonest cause of death, found in eight birds, was lead poisoning associated with the ingestion of large lead fishing weights. Heavy parasitic burdens were found in five immature birds, involving combinations of the gizzard worm Amidostomum species, the thornyheaded worms Polymorphus minutus and Profilicollis anatis, and the tracheal trematode Orchipedum tracheicola. Other parasites of lesser significance were the biting louse Trinoton anserinum, the tapeworm Wardoides nyrocae, the hairworm Capillaria species and the intestinal trematode Echinoparyphium recurvatum. Eight of the 14 swans carried trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae, which may be involved in human cercarial dermatitis or 'swimmers' itch'. It is suggested that the increased mortality arose through a combination of increased numbers of swans on the loch, and a fall in the water level of the loch which exposed the birds to previously inaccessible lead fishing weights and to the intermediate hosts of a range of internal parasites.
Vet Rec 1998 Jan 03
PMID:Lead poisoning and parasitism in a flock of mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Scotland. 946 Feb 17

Twenty-one dogs with atopy were entered into a blinded, placebo-controlled study lasting eight weeks. They were randomly divided into three groups and were all given supplementary oils orally once daily. The dogs in groups A and B were given borage seed oil and fish oil in combination (Viacutan; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) to provide 176 mg/kg or 88 mg/kg borage seed oil respectively. The dogs in group C were given 204 mg/kg olive oil as a placebo. They were all re-examined after four and eight weeks and scored for pruritus, erythema, oedema, alopecia and self-excoriation. After eight weeks the scores for erythema and self-excoriation, and the total score for the dogs in group A, and the total score for the dogs in group B were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The dogs in group C showed no significant improvement.
Vet Rec 1999 Apr 10
PMID:A blinded, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of borage seed oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy. 1033 Dec 27

Forty atopic dogs were studied for 28 days after the oral administration of four randomised treatments: (A) arofylline (1 mg/kg) twice daily for four weeks; (B) prednisone (0.5 mg/kg) twice daily for the first week, once a day during the second week and every 48 hours for the remaining two weeks; (C) prednisone following the same protocol but at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg; or (D) arofylline (1 mg/kg) twice daily for four weeks plus prednisone (0.25 mg/kg) following the same protocol as in (B) and (C). The degree of pruritus and skin lesions and the side effects were evaluated and graded from 0 to 3 before and weekly during the treatments. In all cases there was a progressive clinical improvement in the clinical signs, with no statistical differences among the four treatments. However, many of the dogs treated with arofylline vomited and had adverse gastrointestinal signs.
Vet Rec 1999 Aug 14
PMID:Clinical anti-inflammatory efficacy of arofylline, a new selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in dogs with atopic dermatitis. 1050 83

Eighty-nine cats and 38 dogs naturally infested with the ear mite Otodectes cynotis were randomly allocated into two treatment groups. One group was treated with a product containing miconazole nitrate, polymyxin B sulphate and prednisolone acetate, the other with a combination of diethanolamine fusidate, framycetin sulphate, nystatin and prednisolone. The treatment (five drops in each ear) was applied twice daily for 14 days, and its efficacy was evaluated on days 7, 14 and 21 on the basis of an otoscopic examination of the external ear canal, a microscopical examination of scrapings for the presence of ear mites and clinical signs of pruritus, pain, erythema and/or exudate. Both treatments were highly effective, and there were no significant differences between the two products, either in efficacy or in the clinical improvements observed. Apart from an allergic reaction in one cat treated with the second product, no adverse effects were observed.
Vet Rec 2000 Nov 11
PMID:Efficacy of non-acaricidal containing otic preparations in the treatment of otoacariasis in dogs and cats. 1110 40

Twelve papers giving original data on canine food sensitivity in an acceptable form were reviewed, and the disorder was confirmed in 390 dogs. Most of the papers did not give either the criteria by which dogs were included in a trial, or information about dogs which had undergone a trial with a restricted diet but in which food sensitivity had not been observed. Only one author indicated how the degree of pruritus of the dogs in the study was assessed. The question of owner compliance in conducting a diet trial was not considered in any of the papers. The best available evidence comes from three of the studies covering 534 dogs in total, of which 93 (17 per cent) suffered food sensitivity.
Vet Rec 2001 Apr 07
PMID:Systematic review of evidence for the prevalence of food sensitivity in dogs. 1133 15

The potential value of the pinnal-pedal scratch reflex as an aid to diagnosing canine scabies was assessed in 588 dogs with skin disease. The reflex was assessed by vigorously rubbing the tip of one earflap on to the base of the ear for five seconds, and it was considered positive if the ipsilateral hind leg made a scratching movement. A diagnosis of scabies was based on the dog's history, a physical examination and either positive skin scrapings or the complete resolution of pruritus and dermatitis after treatment with ivermectin or milbemycin, with no relapse for at least 12 months. Scabies was diagnosed in 55 of the dogs, allergic skin disease in 463, and 70 had other miscellaneous skin diseases. There was a positive pinnal-pedal scratch reflex in 45 (82 per cent) of the 55 dogs with scabies. Forty (73 per cent) of the dogs with scabies had pinnal dermatitis, and 36 (90 per cent) of these had a positive pinnal-pedal scratch reflex. There was a positive pinnal-pedal scratch reflex in 33 (6.2 per cent) of the other 533 dogs. On the basis of these results, the specificity of testing for scabies by the pinnal-pedal scratch reflex was 93.8 per cent, and the sensitivity was 81.8 per cent The test's positive predictive value was 0.57 and its negative predictive value was 0.98.
Vet Rec 2001 May 19
PMID:Value of the pinnal-pedal reflex in the diagnosis of canine scabies. 1139 97

A distinctive nodular dermatitis induced by Straelensia cynotis, a newly described trombidioid larval mite which resides in hair follicles, was identified in 12 dogs living in France. They all had scattered, small (1 to 3 mm in diameter), pale, firm skin nodules, variable in distribution but always affecting the dorsal regions of the head and trunk; they were distributed over the whole body of seven of the dogs. The animals were otherwise healthy except for three severely infested fox terriers which had a decreased appetite, were lethargic, and whose skin nodules were painful to the touch. The nodules did not induce pruritus. The lesions usually began as erythematous papules which developed into firm pale nodules. The dermatitis resolved within two to 12 months. Topical acaricides were ineffective but the skin nodules regressed after treatments with systemic avermectins. Histologically, each nodule was composed of a dilated follicular ostium containing a well-preserved larval mite, and showed a pseudoepitheliomatous follicular hyperplasia and an abundant perifollicular mucinosis. The larvae were identified as belonging to the genus Straelensia (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae). It was clearly established that the three fox terriers had become infested within a fox's den. The nymphs and adults of this species of mite are believed to live in foxes' dens; foxes are considered to be the natural host for the larval stage, and dogs a permissive but occasional host.
Vet Rec 2002 Feb 16
PMID:Straelensiosis in dogs: a newly described nodular dermatitis induced by Straelensia cynotis. 1293 4

The chemokine eotaxin is involved in the recruitment of eosinophils and T helper 2 lymphocytes in human allergic diseases, and drugs that block its activity, including eotaxin receptor (CCR3) antagonists, are being developed. The authors have recently cloned the horse ortholog of eotaxin and shown that it can induce equine eosinophil migration and activation in vitro. Moreover, eotaxin mRNA expression was upregulated in cultured horse dermal fibroblasts exposed to equine interleukin-4, suggesting a possible source of this eosinophil chemoattractant in equine skin. The results of this study show that eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, but not MCP-2 or MCP-4, mRNA expression is upregulated in skin biopsies of sweet itch lesions when eosinophils are present, when compared with clinically normal skin from the same ponies.
Vet Rec 2002 Dec 07
PMID:Role of the chemokine eotaxin in the pathogenesis of equine sweet itch. 1250 87

The owners of 63 pruritic dogs were instructed to feed them a chicken hydrolysate diet exclusively for six weeks as part of diagnostic investigations into non-seasonal pruritus. Ectoparasitism and microbial infections were eliminated during the dietary trial. The dogs' skin lesions, gastrointestinal signs and frequency of defecation were assessed and scores for pruritus were assigned before they started the diet and before and after they resumed their original diet. An adverse food reaction was diagnosed if the pruritus resolved while they were on the diet, but recurred when they resumed their original food regimen. Seventeen of the 63 dogs were withdrawn from the trial, including four which found the diet unpalatable; however, its palatability was reported to be good or excellent in 48 of the dogs. An adverse food reaction alone was diagnosed in nine (19.6 per cent) of the 46 dogs and another nine had an adverse food reaction and atopy. There were gastrointestinal signs in six of the nine dogs with an adverse food reaction, which resolved on the trial diet but recurred when they resumed their original diet.
Vet Rec 2004 Apr 24
PMID:Dietary trials with a commercial chicken hydrolysate diet in 63 pruritic dogs. 1513 64


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