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An outbreak of acute severe pneumonia which affected six to 14-week-old single-suckled calves, resulted in 45/77 requiring treatment. The examination of paired sera from all affected calves revealed that neither an adenovirus, non infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus nor parainfluenza 3 virus was involved. The acute exudative interstitial pneumonia found at post mortem was typical of pneumonic pasteurellosis.
Vet Rec 1976 Mar 06
PMID:An outbreak of acute pneumonia in young, single-suckled calves. 17 64

Pasteurellosis is an important cause of economic loss to the sheep industry. There are two distinct syndromes. The pneumonic form of the disease caused by P haemolytica biotype A occurs as pneumonia in flocks and sporadically in individual sheep. The septicaemic form, caused by P haemolytica biotype T is associated with hyper-acute disease and occurs most commonly in the autumn coinciding with the folding of hoggs on rape, turnips and improved pastures. The factors which predispose sheep to the different forms of the disease are poorly understood but recently it has been possible to reproduce pasteurella pneumonia experimentally.
Vet Rec 1978 Feb 04
PMID:Pasteurellosis in sheep. 63 44

The efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline in the control of pneumonic pasteurellosis in lambs was tested on seven Scottish farms. After laboratory confirmation of pasteurella-related deaths in lambs, half the lambs in each flock were given long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg intramuscularly) and half were left untreated. On three farms a single treatment was given and on four farms two doses were administered four days apart. Eighteen of the 878 control lambs died as a result of confirmed Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia compared with one of the 878 treated lambs. In addition nine of the control lambs were diagnosed clinically to have pasteurellosis which responded to treatment with oxytetracycline. None of the treated lambs were seen to be ill during the trial.
Vet Rec 1990 Mar 10
PMID:Use of long-acting oxytetracycline against pasteurellosis in lambs. 232 37

Outbreaks of pneumonia associated with Pasteurella haemolytica have occurred in sheep in the area of Perthshire served by this practice, and on some farms the disease has been an important annual cause of loss. Serological evidence was obtained that parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus might be implicated as a predisposing factor to pasteurellosis. A live attenuated PI3 virus vaccine licensed for use in cattle was given intranasally to ewes on one farm. Many sheep seroconverted and outbreaks of pneumonia were negligible around the subsequent lambing time. The protection of the flock appeared to last for one season only. Subsequently ewes and lambs on other farms were vaccinated and on these farms there were fewer deaths than expected due to pasteurellosis.
Vet Rec 1989 Oct 28
PMID:Parainfluenza 3 vaccination of sheep. 255 31

Whenever a 'new' disease is discovered and the putative agent responsible is isolated, it has been customary to attempt to reproduce the disease in similar animals under controlled experimental conditions. If an identical syndrome is produced, then the agent is considered to be responsible for producing the field disease. As early as 1892, Nocard did just that in relation to bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (shipping/transit fever). His work however, appears to have escaped the attention of many subsequent workers. In the 1930s many workers attempted to reproduce the disease with crude preparations obtained from either sick or dead animals, but most of them failed. After 1950 several agents (bovine herpes virus 1 [BHV1], parainfluenza-3 virus [PI3] and mycoplasmas) were isolated from cases of shipping fever in North America. These, together with physical stress, were thought to be involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease, with pasteurellae playing the role of secondary invader. Many experimenters then used multiple agents in different combinations, but their degree of success in reproducing the disease was variable. Greater success was achieved when P haemolytica A1 was given to calves four days after exposure to BHV1. This success, although only moderate, reinforced the concept of the secondary role of pasteurellae. After 1977 however, it became increasingly clear that P haemolytica A1 was capable of causing the disease as a primary pathogen, provided that two conditions were fulfilled. First, the calves had to be susceptible, that is, non-immune, and secondly, P haemolytica A1 in the logarithmic growth phase had to be administered to the trachea or lungs in numbers greater than 5 x 10(9) colony forming units.
Vet Rec 1989 Feb 11
PMID:Experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: a review. 264 70

A strain of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1, which had been isolated from a pathologically-confirmed outbreak of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, was used successfully to reproduce the disease in conventional calves. The development of the various pathological features was studied at regular intervals following infection. The acute inflammatory reaction which had developed by day 2 after initial infection was characterised by flooding of the alveoli by oedema and neutrophils together with a mild degree of bronchiolar epithelial necrosis. This progressed to an acute exudative fibrinous pneumonia with extensive involvement of the interlobular septa and often with pleurisy. Subsequently, these pulmonary lesions became walled off by fibrous tissue which became infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes. At this stage organisms could be demonstrated only within these nodules in the lung tissue.
Vet Rec 1985 Oct 26
PMID:Sequential lesions of experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. 390 14

Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 (P haemolytica A1) was the most commonly isolated Pasteurella species from 80 calves examined at necropsy from 40 outbreaks of respiratory disease, the majority of which were pathologically confirmed as bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (transit fever; shipping fever). Similarly, nasopharyngeal swabs from in-contact and apparently healthy calves indicated the widespread presence of P haemolytica A1. Pasteurella multocida and other serotypes of P haemolytica A1 were found including six isolations of P haemolytica T10, a fairly common pathogen in sheep. Approximately two-thirds of the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns and the degree of sensitivity for P haemolytica A1, the most frequently isolated serotype, was chloramphenicol (100 per cent), sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (98 per cent), oxytetracycline (80 per cent), ampicillin (85 per cent), penicillin (82 per cent), streptomycin (3 per cent) and lincomycin (1 per cent).
Vet Rec 1985 Dec 14
PMID:Pasteurella species isolated from the bovine respiratory tract and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. 409 Feb 13

Representative experiments from work undertaken to develop a synergistic mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the preventive treatment of certain poultry diseases are described. Sulphaquinoxaline in the diet for four days was shown to achieve at least an 85 per cent higher blood level than nine other sulphonamides in chicks, and the efficacies of various trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline regimes in the diet or in the drinking water were demonstrated against pasteurellosis, colisepticaemia and five kinds of coccidiosis. Regimes for bacterial diseases were begun one day before infection but those for coccidial diseases were begun on the same day as infection or later. Overall, a total dose of 30 mg/kg bodyweight/day (trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline = 1:3) controlled these seven diseases. The same treatment was also shown to control sulphaquinoxaline-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Eimeria acervulina. Although both drinking water and food were used for drug administration, twice the inclusion rate was required in food to that in water for equivalent efficacy. The significance of different modes of expression of dosages for bacterial and coccidial diseases is explained.
Vet Rec
PMID:Evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry. 666 70

Following the discovery that a flock of sheep in England was infected with the virus of maedi-virus, several seropositive sheep were brought to the Central Veterinary Laboratory and kept isolated and under observation for up to three years before being further examined at necropsy. Meanwhile, sheep in the infected flock which died or were culled were examined after death for evidence of the actual disease. At necropsy pulmonary disease was a common (although not always the sole) finding, the lesions being mostly chronic pasteurellosis and pulmonary adenomatosis. One of the 45 carcases examined showed classical lesions of advanced maedi. In four others, early or incipient lesions of maedi were found in otherwise normal lungs, while in three more, maedi was coincidental with the other pulmonary diseases. No clinical evidence to suggest maedi, other than emaciation, was seen in any of the sheep with lesions of the disease.
Vet Rec 1983 Mar 19
PMID:Investigations of a flock heavily infected with maedi-visna virus. 684 2

Eight cats on six poultry farms, four of which had a history of recent turkey pasteurellosis were examined for Pasteurella multocida infection. Nine strains were recovered and serotyped and of these five were tested for virulence in chickens and mice. By comparison with a strain from a field outbreak in turkeys three cat strains were considered capable of causing poultry disease. These findings are discussed epidemiologically.
Vet Rec 1982 Jan 02
PMID:Pasteurella multocida infection of cats on poultry farms. 706 16


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