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Macrophages migrate through a fibrin-rich extracellular matrix in chronic inflammation, wound healing, and other pathophysiological processes. To investigate the factors that might influence the ability of mononuclear phagocytes to invade fibrin matrices, we cultured macrophage-like P388D1 cells as well as resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages on three-dimensional fibrin gels, and we examined the effect of agents known to stimulate a variety of macrophage functions, including the production of fibrinolytic enzymes. Cells grown on fibrin gels under control conditions, as well as cells treated with either bacterial lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A, remained confined to the gel surface. In contrast, the tumor promoter 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced both P388D1 cells and peritoneal macrophages to invade the underlying fibrin matrix. The invasive behavior of PMA-treated P388D1 cells was not affected by protease inhibitors of various specificities. These results demonstrate that certain exogenous signals can profoundly modify the ability of macrophages to migrate through fibrin matrices.
Anat Rec 1988 Jan
PMID:Phorbol ester stimulates macrophage invasion of fibrin matrices. 334 83

Forty-two previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma were entered in a prospective, randomised trial comparing recombinant interferon alfa-2C monotherapy with VMCP (vincristin, melphalan, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone). Both treatment arms were comparable for the stratification variables such as paraprotein type, stage of disease, and renal function. Rec. interferon effected 14% responses and 29% minor responses, while 57 and 32% of VMCP-treated patients achieved a pathologically documented remission (P less than 0.001). The time on initial treatment was significantly shorter in the IFN group (3.2 months) than in the VMCP group (7.6 months). In four patients in the IFN arm, primary treatment had to be changed according to progressive or severe stationary disease. Since all four patients responded to second line therapy (VMCP) no significant difference has been observed between the two groups in survival (median follow-up greater than 12 months). Despite this clear superiority of the conventional four-drug polychemotherapy, there was some suggestion that IFN might be particularly active in cases with low tumor-burden (stage I, II), and light-chain or IgA paraprotein type.
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PMID:Recombinant interferon alfa-2C versus polychemotherapy (VMCP) for treatment of multiple myeloma: a prospective randomized trial. 353 28

A total of 8268 dogs were surveyed in 11 veterinary practices in the United Kingdom during a period of six months in 1983. The primary purpose of the survey was to assess the level of obesity on a five point scale with properly identified criteria. Information on the clinical condition of each dog was also recorded as well as proportions of food types fed, particulars of breed, sex, age, sexual status and the dog's name. Results showed that 21.4 per cent of dogs in the survey were judged to be obese and 2.9 per cent gross; 1.9 per cent were judged as thin, 13.5 per cent lean and 60.3 per cent were optimum. Labradors were found to be the most likely breed to become obese. Neutered females were about twice as likely to be obese as entire females. The same trend was evident with neutered males. Circulatory problems were associated with dogs over 10 years old and those which were gross, rather than obese. A similar trend was discernable with articular/locomotor problems. Skin and reproductive problems showed little relationship with age or obesity. Neoplasia was much more prevalent in dogs over 10 years old but had little relationship with either sexual status or obesity rating. There was a high rate of usage of prepared food for all categories. The amount of fresh food fed decreased rapidly as the proportion of canned food increased, but the obese and non-obese dogs showed very little difference in the type of food fed.
Vet Rec 1986 Apr 05
PMID:Study of obesity in dogs visiting veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. 371 92

A clinicopathological review was made of 31 cases of canine rectal neoplasia. The adenomatous polyp was the commonest tumour and had the best prognosis. With the exception of adenocarcinomas the results of surgical excision of malignant neoplasms, including two cases of rectal lymphosarcoma, were encouraging.
Vet Rec 1985 Apr 13
PMID:Rectal neoplasia in the dog: a clinicopathological review of 31 cases. 383 1

In vitro coculture techniques were used to study HSDM1C1 murine fibrosarcoma multicellular tumor spheroid (HSDM1C1-MTS) interactions with mouse calvarial bone cells having osteoblastic characteristics and mouse bone explants. HSDM1C1-MTS attached to confluent bone cell monolayers and their attachment rate was quantified. HSDM1C1-MTS interaction with bone cells was further demonstrated by the release of 3H-deoxyuridine from prelabeled bone cells during coculture with multicellular tumor spheroids. HSDM1C1-MTS-induced cytotoxicity was mimicked by the addition of 10(-5) M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to 3H-deoxyuridine-labeled bone cells. The effects of low (10(-9) M) and high (10(-5) M) concentrations of PGE2 on bone cell proliferation were also studied. Higher concentrations of PGE2 inhibited bone cell proliferation. HSDM1C1-MTS resorbed living explants in the presence of indomethacin, suggesting that other tumor cell products may also participate in bone resorption. HSDM1C1-MTS caused direct bone resorption as measured by the significantly elevated release of 45Ca from prelabeled, devitalized calvaria. However, the growth of a confluent bone cell layer on devitalized, 45Ca-prelabeled calvaria resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of 45Ca released subsequent to the seeding of HSDM1C1-MTS onto the explants. Bone cells at the bone surface may act as a barrier against invasion and tumor cell-mediated bone resorption. Violation of this cellular barrier is achieved, in part, by tumor cell products.
Anat Rec 1985 Oct
PMID:Multicellular tumor spheroid interactions with bone cells and bone. 386 56

A well-differentiated dog mastocytoma was characterized ultrastructurally using morphometric, histochemical, and biochemical methods. The ultrastructure of cells in the intact tumor was compared to the morphology of cells disaggregated from the tumor and cultured for periods as long as 4 weeks and to normal dog connective tissue mast cells. Most of the tumor cells contained histamine (mean = 5.81 pg/cell), demonstrated chloroacetate esterase activity histochemically, stained metachromatically with toluidine blue, and were similar in ultrastructure to normal dog mast cells. The proportion of mast cells in this tumor averaged 67%; eosinophils, fibroblasts, plasma cells, and macrophages also were present. The mean diameter of mast cells (12.79 micron) and the mean diameter of their cytoplasmic granules (473 nm) were similar to those reported for mast cells and mastocytoma cells from various species. The heterogeneity in appearance of the mastocytoma granules is consistent with a variable degree of granule maturation. After disaggregation or periods of culture ranging from 2 days to 4 weeks, the mean granule diameters were 15% larger than those measured in the intact mastocytoma cells, though other morphological features remained unchanged. Although the cells retained their distinct morphological features for at least 4 weeks, some of their physiological responses were lost after 1 week in culture. Our study showed that dog mastocytomas can be a source of a large, relatively homogeneous population of cells that are useful for elucidating some of the structural and functional properties of mast cells.
Anat Rec 1985 Aug
PMID:An ultrastructural analysis of dog mastocytoma cells and normal mast cells. 393 10

Only 47 cases of urinary bladder neoplasia have been reported in the cat. In this paper a further three are presented. They were received as post mortem specimens and were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. All three were transitional cell carcinomas, with squamous metaplasia in two. Dysplastic urothelial changes were a feature of two of the three tumours and one of these also showed two separate centres of malignancy. Various features of the three cases are discussed and attention is drawn to their possible aetiological significance. The authors suggest that the prevalence of transitional cell carcinoma in the cat may be greater than has hitherto been believed.
Vet Rec 1986 Jan 25
PMID:Three cases of transitional cell carcinoma in the cat and a review of the literature. 395 65

The changes in the fractional volume of six structural components in the spleens of Balb/C mice injected with Herpes simplex virus Type 2-transformed cells (H238 tumor cells) were quantitated during progressive tumor growth. Spleen stereology was performed at three time intervals during the early stages of tumor development. The results revealed that the volume of the compact myeloid tissue and reaction center of lymphoid nodules increased about four- to five-fold from 10 to 33 days after H238 tumor cell injection. A progressive increase was also seen in the red pulp volume. Although an increase in volume of the marginal zones around the lymphoid nodules was evident early during the test period, by day 33 the mean value was similar to the control value. These results indicate that the spleen undergoes significant morphological changes in three splenic components during progressive growth of a tumor produced by subcutaneous injection of a virally-transformed cell line.
Anat Rec 1980 Jul
PMID:Responses of mouse spleen morphology to the growth of subcutaneously injected virally transformed cells. 625 96

The correlation between the cytochemistry (glycoprotein, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphatase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase) and the growth rate of the fast-growing Morris hepatoma 3924A and the slow-growing Morris hepatoma 9618A was studied by utracytochemical techniques. By the chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid technique, acid glycoprotein is stained in glycocalyx, Golgi saccules and vesicles, and secretory granules of the tumor cells of both hepatomas. However, the hepatoma 3924A cells contain thicker glycocalyx and more numerous glycoprotein-rich granules than hepatoma 9618A cells. Abundant alpha and beta glycogen particles are found in hepatoma 3924A. Moderate glucose-6-phosphatase activity is observed in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of hepatoma 9618A, but it is totally absent in hepatoma 3924A. High catalase activity is present in numerous peroxisomes of hepatoma 9618A. Hepatoma 3924A contains only a few catalase-positive microperoxisomes. Weak to moderate alkaline phosphatase is present in the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope of hepatoma 9618A cells, while hepatoma 3924A shows no activity of the enzyme. All the cytochemical parameters except glycoprotein show an inverse relationship with the growth rate of the hepatomas. The higher intracellular glycoprotein content of hepatoma 3924A may be related to differences in cell coat secretion (composition and activity) from the slower-growing hepatoma 9618A
Anat Rec 1982 Feb
PMID:Correlation between growth rate and cytochemistry in Morris hepatomas. 627 86

Carotid and cerebral angiography has been found to be a relatively simple technique to carry out in the horse. At most it involves a cutdown approach to the carotid artery, followed by catheterisation of the artery and selective catheterisation, if necessary, of one of its three branches. The technique can be carried out with standard equipment normally available within equine hospital facilities. The authors have employed angiography as a routine aid to diagnosis over the past nine years, without encountering any serious complications or adverse reactions. Carotid angiography has been especially valuable in the investigation of horses with guttural pouch mycosis. The technique has permitted the presence of aneurysms to be detected in many cases and significant vascular abnormalities in four cases. This information is valuable for the surgical treatment of horses with guttural pouch mycosis by ligation of the appropriate artery. Other indications for the use of carotid angiography include the investigation of ethmoidal haematoma, idiopathic Horner's syndrome, neoplasia of the head, venous aneurysms and arterial aneurysms in sites not associated with the guttural pouch. There are fewer occasions for the use of cerebral angiography in the horse, but it is indicated as an aid to the differential diagnosis of some abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Vet Rec 1983 Nov 19
PMID:Carotid and cerebral angiography in the horse. 664 91


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